Spider family Caponiidae

12 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. "August 28, 2009." Includes bibliographical references (p. 12).A new genus and species, Iraponia scutata, are established for the first members of the Caponiidae to be found in Iran. Males of this new genus, the second known from Asia, are unique in the family in having an extensive ventral abdominal scutum, and in having lost the posterior median pair of spinnerets. These caponiids have six eyes, a character shared only with some members of the New World genus Caponina.Published by the American Museum of Natural History, New york, NY

Brignolia.

131 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. "Issued April 29, 2011."Males of the goblin spider genus Brignolia Dumitresco and Georgesco have palps that are heavily sclerotized, resembling those found in males of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon. Nevertheless, these palps have the dorsal depression ("fenestra") previously considered synapomorphic for the genus Opopaea Simon (plus its likely synonym Epectris Simon), and the female genitalia also correspond closely to those of Opopaea species, with the addition of a posterior tube. Brignolia males lack the inflated and subbasally connected palpal patella characteristic of Opopaea (plus Epectris), and Brignolia is therefore hypothesized to represent the sister group of those taxa. The generic names Lisna Saaristo and Aridella Saaristo, each based on a single species from the Seychelle Islands, are newly synonymized with Brignolia. The type species, B. cubana Dumitresco and Georgesco, has attained a pantropical distribution, and has at least three earlier names; Xestaspis parumpunctata Simon from Sierra Leone, Gamasomorpha perplexa Bryant from the Virgin Islands, and B. recondita (Chickering) from Panama are each placed as senior synonyms of B. cubana. Opopaea ambigua Simon, from Sri Lanka, is transferred to Brignolia. A total of 26 new species are described. Two are from the New World (B. dasysterna from Florida, and B. cobre from Florida and the West Indies), but most are from southern Asia and the Indopacific region: B. sinharaja and B. ratnapura from Sri Lanka, B. rothorum, B. cardamom, B. kumily, B. valparai, B. kaikatty, B. nilgiri, B. kodaik, B. jog, and B. karnataka from southern India, B. bengal, B. sukna, B. assam, and B. ankhu from northern India and Nepal, B. mapha, B. suthep, B. diablo, and B. chumphae from Thailand, B. schwendingeri from Vietnam, B. palawan from the Philippines, and B. gading, B. elongata, and B. kapit from Borneo

Pelicinus.

43 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 26 cm.Although Pelicinus Simon and its type species P. marmoratus Simon were initially described from Saint Vincent in the Lesser Antilles, we hypothesize that Pelicinus is primarily an Old World genus, occurring natively in both southern Asia and Australasia. The type species has attained an anomalously pantropical distribution, and has been described at least eight times, in at least seven different genera; all those synonyms were based on island populations. Myrmopopaea jacobsoni Reimoser from Sumatra, Gamasomorpha minima Berland from the Phoenix Islands, Triaeris pusillus (Bryant) from the Virgin Islands, Scaphiella ula Suman from Hawaii, and P. mahei (Benoit) from the Seychelles are newly synonymized with P. marmoratus, and the species is newly recorded from the Bahama Islands, Brazil, Kenya, and the Marshall Islands. Myrmopopaea Reimoser and Harryoonops Makhan and Ezzatpanah are placed as junior synonyms of Pelicinus. The bulk of the species-level diversity of Pelicinus occurs in Australia. Here we treat only those members of the genus that occur outside that continent; 16 new species are described from Iran (P. sengleti), India (P. lachivala, P. madurai), Thailand (P. deelemanae, P. schwendingeri, P. sayam, P. khao), Laos (P. tham), Vietnam (P. duong), Malaysia (P. penang, P. johor), the Solomon Islands (P. churchillae), Fiji (P. raveni), and New Caledonia (P. monteithi, P. damieu, P. koghis)

Ischnothyreus fobor Kranz-Baltensperger, 2011, sp. nov.

Ischnothyreus fobor sp. nov. (Figs 20 –21, 35) Type material: Holotype: male (PBI_OON 00016082), MALAYSIA: Sabah: Danum Valley Field Centre, 6.– 16.V. 1991, leg. C.L. & P.R. Deeleman, RMNH. Paratypes: 2 males & 2 females (PBI_OON 00032229), collected together with holotype, RMNH. Additional material examined: 2 males (PBI_OON 00031469), MALAYSIA: Sabah: Kinabalu National Park, 1550m, 21.– 27.VII. 1980, leg. C.L. & P.R. Deeleman (RMNH). 1 male (PBI_OON 00032231), Bru- 88 / 12. BRU- NEI DARUSSALAM: Brunei-Muara District: près du pont sur le ruisseau Sungai Lubang Barus, route venant de Tutong, 33km de Bandar Seri Begawan, prélèvement de sol au pied de deux grands arbres proches des habitations, env. 20m (translated: close to bridge over Sungai Lubang Barus river, route from Tutong, 33 km from Bandar Seri Begawan, soil extraction at base of two large trees close to habitations, ca. 20m); 16.XI. 1988; leg. B. Hauser (Berlese à Seri Begawan) (MHNG), 1 female (PBI_OON 00015355), Bru- 88 / 33. BRUNEI DARUSSALAM: Belait District: Labi Hills Forest Reserve, Teraja, 42km S de Sungai Liang (12km au Sud de Labi), environs de Rumah Panjang, forêt primaire (translated: Labi Hills Forest Reserve, Teraja, 42km south of Sungai Liang (12km south of Labi), proximity of Rumah Panjang), mixed dipterocarp forest, 40m; 22.XI. 1988, leg. C. Lienhard (MHNG). Etymology: The specific name, a noun in apposition, is an abbreviation of "found in Borneo". Diagnosis: The male of I. fobor can be recognized by the palpal bulb with its extremely long and thin embolus (Fig. 20 E–F). The female genital area is characterized by a small strongly winding tube running posteriorly (Fig. 21 F–G). Description: Male (holotype). Total length 1.66 mm. Carapace: domed in lateral view, fovea present, lateral margin slightly rebordered. Clypeus: curved downwards in frontal view. Eyes: ALE touching. Sternum: setae abundant. Mouthparts: chelicerae slightly divergent, without prominent process at base of fangs, fang groove with few small and one larger denticles (Fig. 20 G). Anterior margin of labium indented at middle. Anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, tooth-like projection (stp) (Fig. 20 D). Abdomen: scutum extending far dorsal of pedicel. Dorsal scutum covering 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of abdomen, fused to epigastric scutum. Epigastric and postepigastric scutum short, almost rectangular, covering about 2 / 3 of abdominal length. Spinneret scutum present, incomplete ring, with fringe of needle-like setae. Legs: spine formula: femora: I p 0-1 - 1; II p0- 0-1; tibiae: I, II p 2 - 1 - 1; r 2 - 1 - 1; metatarsi: I, II p 1 - 1 -0; r 1 - 1 -0. Genitalia: Palp strongly sclerotized, proximal segments dark brown, trochanter with large ventral projection (vp) (Fig. 20 D–F), femur normal size, patella shorter than femur, not enlarged, cymbium dark brown, fused with bulb, bulb dark brown, more than two times as long as cymbium, stout, tapering apically, with ventral protuberance (vpr) and lobe (l), embolus (e) very long and filamentous, originating between several membranous outgrowths (mo) (Fig. 20 E–F). Female (paratype). Total length 1.68 mm. As in male except as noted. Carapace: without any pattern, broadly oval in dorsal view, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view. Clypeus: straight in frontal view. Eyes: ALE separated by less than their radius. Mouthparts: labium not fused to sternum, anterior margin not indented at middle. Endites unmodified. Femur of female palp with three ventral spines, tibia with three trichobothria. Abdomen: dorsal scutum covering about 1 / 2 of abdomen, not fused to epigastric scutum. Postepigastric scutum widely hexagonal, covering about 1 / 3 of the abdominal length, with short posteriorly directed lateral apodemes (a) (Fig. 21 F). Dense patch of setae anterior to spinnerets present. Legs: spine formula: femora: I p 0-1 - 1; r 0-1 - 1; II p0- 0-1; r0- 0-1; tibiae: I, II p 2 - 1 - 1; r 2 - 1 - 1; metatarsi: I, II p 1 - 1 -0; r 1 - 1 -0. Genitalia: simple, in the middle of the anterior margin of the postepigastric scutum starts a winding tube (wt), running posteriorly, ending in globlet-like structure (gls) (Fig. 21 F–G). Distribution: Sabah and Brunei (Fig. 35). Ischnothyreus hooki sp. nov. (Figs 22 –23, 35) Type material: Holotype: male (PBI_OON 00031692), INDONESIA: East Kalimantan: Tenggarong, light forest, leaflitter, 4.VIII. 1980, coll. Deeleman, RMNH. Paratypes: 1 male (PBI_OON 00031363), INDONESIA: East Kalimantan: Sepaku, 40km NNW from Balikpapan, degraded primary forest, 2.VIII. 1980, coll. Deeleman, RMNH. 2 females (PBI_OON 00031769), INDONESIA: East Kalimantan: Sepaku, 40km NNW of Balikpapan, primary forest, dry period, 21./ 22.VII. 1982, coll. Deeleman, RMNH. Additional material examined: 1 female (PBI_OON 00031777), INDONESIA: East Kalimantan: Sepaku, 40km NNW of Balikpapan, degraded rainforest, litter, 2.– 5.VIII. 1980, coll. Deeleman (RMNH). 1 male (PBI_OON 00031628), INDONESIA: East Kalimantan: Sungai Wain Protection Forest, ca. 15 km N of Balikpapan (1 °08’ 36 ”S, 116 ° 50 ’ 59 ”E), 80m, secondary forest adjacent to primary forest, 5./ 7.X. 2008, leg. P. Schwendinger (MHNG). Etymology: The specific name is derived from Captain Hook from the novel Peter Pan, written by James M. Barrie, and refers to the similarity of the distal part of the male palp with the left arm of Captain Hook. Diagnosis: The male of I. hooki can be recognized by the hook-like embolus (Fig. 22 G–J). With its strongly winding tube, the female genital area of I. hooki is similar to I. fobor, but the winding tube in I. hooki is larger. Description: Male (holotype). Total length 1.33 mm. Carapace: broadly oval in dorsal view. Clypeus: curved downwards in frontal view, low, ALE separated from edge of carapace by less than their radius. Eyes: PLE circular, posterior eye row straight from above, procurved from front. Sternum: setae abundant. Mouthparts: chelicerae without prominent process at base of fangs. Labium triangular. Anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, toothlike projection (stp) (Fig. 22 B, C, F). Abdomen: scutum extending far dorsal of pedicel. Legs: spine formula: femora: I p 0-1 - 1; r0- 0-1; II v0- 0-2; tibiae: I, II v 4 - 2 - 2; metatarsi: I, II v 2 - 2 -0. Genitalia: Sperm pore situated in front of anterior spiracles. Palps strongly sclerotized, proximal segments brown, trochanter with ventral projection, patella about as long as femur, not enlarged, cymbium brown, fused with bulb, bulb brown, more than two times as long as cymbium, stout, tapering apically, with ventral protuberance (vpr) (Fig. 22 H, J) and lobe (l) (Fig. 22. G, I), distal part with ear-like outgrowth (elo) prolaterally (Fig. 22 H, J), embolus (e) short hook (Fig. 22 G, I, J). Female (paratype). Total length 1.80 mm. As in male except as noted. Carapace: without any pattern. Eyes: posterior eye row procurved from above. Mouthparts: endites unmodified. Femur of female palp with four ventral spines, tibia with three trichobothria. Abdomen: scutum not extending far dorsal of pedicel. Dorsal scutum covering less than 1 / 2 of abdomen, less than 1 / 4 abdomen width, not fused to epigastric scutum. Postepigastric scutum widely hexagonal, only around epigastric furrow, with short posteriorly directed lateral apodemes (a) (Fig. 23 E). Dense patch of setae anterior to spinnerets present. Legs: spine formula: femora: I p 0-2 - 1; r0- 0-1; II p0- 0-2; tibiae: I, II p 2 - 1 - 1; r 2 - 1 - 1; metatarsi: I, II p 1 - 1 -0; r 1 - 1 -0. Genitalia: the posterior margin of the epigastric scutum is lined with numerous needle-like setae. In the middle of the postepigastric scutum is a strongly winding tube (wt) (Fig. 23 E–H) visible, which runs posteriorly. Distribution: East Kalimantan (Fig. 35). Remarks: Male and female of this species were not collected together. However, since the somatic morphology is very similar they are tentatively considered as conspecific. Ischnothyreus jojo sp. nov. (Figs 24 –25, 35) Type material: Holotype: male (PBI_OON 00032184), INDONESIA: Central Kalimantan: Kaharian, 2 °02'S, 113 ° 40 'E, 2.– 16.IX. 1985, swampy primary forest, leaflitter, leg. Suh. Djojosudharmo, coll. Deeleman, RMNH. Paratypes: 3 females (PBI_ OON 32181), collected together with holotype, RMNH. Additional material examined: 2 females (PBI_OON 00031468), INDONESIA: Central Kalimantan: Tumbang Tahai, 2 °02'S, 113 ° 35 'E, primary marshy forest, 2.– 13.IX. 1985, coll. Deeleman, leg. Suh. Djojosudharmo (RMNH). Etymology: The specific name is an arbitrary combination of letters. Diagnosis: The male of I. jojo can be recognized by the plate-like basal process and the saw-like extension at the base of the cheliceral fang (Fig. 24 E). The female genital area is characterized by the posteriorly running, strongly winding tube, anteriorly covered by a u-shaped, sclerotized structure (Fig. 25 E–G). Description: Male (holotype). Total length 1.76 mm. Clypeus: low, ALE separated from edge of carapace by less than their radius. Eyes: PME largest. Mouthparts: chelicerae slightly divergent, process at base of fangs platelike (pbp), with inwards pointing hook distally, and with a saw-shaped extension (sse), fang groove with few small and one larger denticles (Fig. 24 D–E). Anterior margin of labium indented at middle. Anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, tooth-like projection (stp) (Fig. 24 B). Abdomen: epigastric and postepigastric scutum fused. Postepigastric scutum long, almost rectangular, covering about 3 / 4 of abdominal length. Legs: spine formula: femora: I p 0-1 - 1; r0- 0-2; II p0- 0-1; r0- 0-1; tibiae: I, II p 2 - 1 - 1; r 2 - 1 - 1; metatarsi: I, II p 1 - 1 -0; r 1 - 1 -0. Genitalia: Palp strongly sclerotized, proximal segments brown, trochanter with small ventral projection (vp) (Fig. 24 F), femur normal size, patella about as long as femur, not enlarged, cymbium brown, fused with bulb, bulb brown, 1 to 1.5 times as long as cymbium, stout, tapering apically, with ventral protuberance (vpr) and lobe (l), apex of bulb roundish with small pointed apophyses (spa), embolus not discernible (Fig. 24 F–G). Female (paratype). Total length 2.13 mm. As in male except as noted. Carapace: without any pattern, broadly oval in dorsal view, pars cephalica slightly elevated in lateral view. Clypeus: curved downwards in frontal view. Eyes: posterior eye row straight from above. Sternum: setae abundant. Mouthparts: chelicerae straight; without modification Labium triangular. Endites unmodified. Femur of female palp with four ventral spines, tibia with three trichobothria. Abdomen: dorsal scutum covering less than 1 / 2 of abdomen, less than 1 / 4 abdomen width, not fused to epigastric scutum. Epigastric scutum slightly protruding. Postepigastric scutum widely hexagonal, only around epigastric furrow, not fused to epigastric scutum, with short posteriorly directed lateral apodemes (a) (Fig. 25 E–G). Dense patch of setae anterior to spinnerets present. Legs: spine formula: femora: I p 0-1 - 2; r0- 0-2; II p0- 0- 1; r0- 0-1; tibiae: I, II p 2 - 1 - 1; r 2 - 1 - 1; metatarsi: I, II p 1 - 1 -0; r 1 - 1 -0. Genitalia: the posterior margin of the epigastric scutum is lined with numerous, long, needle-like setae. The epigastric furrow is narrow. The margin of the postepigastric scutum is slightly thickened. In its middle starts a dark thin, winding tube (wt) running posteriorly. The tube is covered ventrally by a sclerotized u-shaped structure (uss). On both sides of the tube are small, curved sclerotized extensions (cse) (Fig. 25 E–G) visible. Distribution: Central Kalimantan (Fig. 35). Ischnothyreus kalimantan sp. nov. (Figs 26 –27, 35) Type material: Holotype: male (PBI_OON 00032180), INDONESIA: Central Kalimantan: Kaharian, 2 °02'S, 113 ° 40 'E, 2.– 16.IX. 1985, swampy primary forest, leaflitter, leg. Suh. Djojosudharmo, coll. Deeleman, RMNH. Paratypes: 2 males & 5 females (PBI_OON 00032183), collected with holotype, RMNH. Etymology: The specific name is a noun in apposition and refers to the Indonesian name of Borneo, the island where this species was collected. Diagnosis: The male of I. kalimantan can be recognized by the distal part of the palpal bulb, which is blunt and entirely surrounded by a translucent membrane (Fig. 26 F–G). The female genital area is protruding, the strongly winding tube ends in a rather large sluice, which is folded underneath itself (Fig. 27 F–H). Description: Male (holotype). Total length 1.79 mm. Eyes: all subequal. Sternum: as long as wide. Mouthparts: chelicerae straight, fang groove with few small and one larger denticles. Anteriorly directed, slightly sclerotized process (ssp) at base of fangs (Fig. 26 E). Labium triangular, anterior margin indented at middle. Anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, tooth-like projection (stp) (Fig. 26 B). Abdomen: scutum extending far dorsal of pedicel. Dorsal scutum orange-brown, covering 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of abdomen width. Epigastric and postepigastric scutum fused, postepigastric scutum short, almost rectangular, covering about 2 / 3 of abdominal length. Legs: spine formula: femora: I p 0-1 - 1; r 0-1 - 2; II p0- 0-1; r 0-1 - 2; tibiae: I, II p 2 - 1 - 1; r 2 - 1 - 1; metatarsi: I, II p 1 - 1 -0; r 1 - 1 -0; Genitalia: Palp strongly sclerotized, proximal segments brown, trochanter with ventral projection (vp) (Fig. 26 F), femur normal size, patella longer than femur, not enlarged, cymbium brown, fused with bulb, bulb brown, 1 to 1.5 times as long as cymbium, stout, tapering apically, with ventral protuberance (vpr) and lobe (l), distal part of bulb blunt, with several small pointed apophyses (spa), entirely surrounded by translucent membrane (m) (Fig. 26 F–G). Female (paratype). Total length 1.88 mm. As in male except as noted. Carapace: orange-brown, without any pattern, broadly oval in dorsal view, pars cephalica slightly elevated in lateral view, fovea present. Endites unmodified. Femur of female palp with five ventral spines, tibia with three trichobothria. Abdomen: scutum not extending far dorsal of pedicel. Dorsal scutum covering about 1 / 2 of abdomen. Epigastric scutum strongly protruding. Postepigastric scutum widely hexagonal, only around epigastric furrow, not fused to epigastric scutum, with short, posteriorly directed lateral apodemes (a) (Fig. 27 F–H). Dense patch of setae anterior to spinnerets present. Legs: spine formula: femora: I p 0-1 - 1; r 0-1 - 2; II p0- 0-1; r 0-1 - 2; tibiae: I, II p 2 - 1 - 1; r 2 - 1 - 1; metatarsi: I, II p 1 - 1 -0; r 1 - 1 -0. Genitalia: the posterior margin of the epigastric scutum is lined with numerous, long, needle-like setae. The epigastric furrow is wide. The margin of the postepigastric scutum is slightly thickened. In its middle starts a dark, thin, strongly winding tube (wt) running posteriorly, prolonged with a translucent sluice (ts), distally folded underneath itself (Fig. 27 F–H). The sluice is ventrally lined with numerous, needle-like setae on both sides. Distribution: Central Kalimantan (Fig. 35). Ischnothyreus matang sp. nov. (Figs 28 –29, 35) Type material: Holotype: male (PBI_OON 00031470), MALAYSIA: Sarawak: Matang, 122m, leaflitter, 4.IV. 1985, coll. Deeleman, leg. C.L. & P.R. Deeleman, RMNH. Paratypes: 1 female (PBI_OON 00032185), collected together with holotype, RMNH. 1 female (PBI_OON 00016081), MALAYSIA: Sarawak: Santubong, 20km N of Kuching, Camp Permai, 1 ° 46 'N, 110 ° 19 'E, 10m, 5.– 10.VIII. 2003, leg. A. Schulz (winkler-extraction), AS /03- 2, MHNG. Etymology: The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality. Diagnosis: The male of I. matang can be recognized by the large ventral lobe and the collar-like membrane on the palpal bulb (Fig. 28 E–F). The female genital area shows a strongly winding tube, ending in a goblet-like structure (Fig. 29 D–E). Description: Male (holotype). Total length 1.59 mm. Fovea present. Clypeus: low, ALE separated from edge of carapace by less than their radius. Sternum: wider than long. Mouthparts: chelicerae slightly divergent, without prominent process at base of fangs, fang groove with few denticles. Anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, tooth-like projection (stp) (Fig. 28 D). Abdomen: scutum extending far dorsal of pedicel. Dorsal scutum covering less than 1 / 2 of abdomen, more than 1 / 2 to most of abdomen width, fused to epigastric scutum. Epigastric scutum and postepigastric scutum fused. Legs: spine formula: I p 0-1 - 2; r0- 0-1; tibiae: I p 2 - 1 - 1; r 2 - 1 - 1; metatarsi: I p 1 - 1 -0; r 1 - 1 -0. Genitalia: Sperm pore situated in front of anterior spiracles. Palp strongly sclerotized, proximal segments brown, trochanter with large ventral projection (vp) (Fig. 28 E), patella about as long as femur, not enlarged, cymbium brown, fused with bulb, bulb brown, more than two times as long as cymbium, stout, tapering apically, with double ventral protuberance (vpr) and lobe (l), distal part with small, spine-like apophysis (sa) dorsally. Collar-like membrane (m) on retrolateral side, embolus (e) slightly curved (Fig. 28 E–F). Female (paratype). Total length 1.90 mm. As in male except as noted. Carapace: without any pattern, broadly oval in dorsal view. Fovea absent. Sternum: longer than wide, setae abundant. Labium triangular, anterior margin indented at middle. Endites unmodified. Abdomen: Dorsal scutum less than 1 / 4 abdomen width. Epigastric scutum strongly protruding. Postepigastric scutum widely hexagonal, covering about 1 / 3 of the abdominal length, not fused to epigastric scutum, with short posteriorly directed lateral apodemes (a) (Fig. 29 D). Spinneret scutum with a fringe of needle-like setae. Dense patch of setae anterior to spinnerets present. Legs: spine formula: femora: I p 0- 1 - 2; r0- 0-1; II p0- 0-1; r0- 0-1; tibiae: I, II p 2 - 1 - 1; r 2 - 1 - 1; metatarsi: I, II p 1 - 1 -0; r 1 - 1 -0. Genitalia: the posterior margin of the epigastric scutum is lined with numerous, long, needle-like setae. The epigastric furrow is rather wide. The margin of the postepigastric scutum is thickened. In its middle starts a thin, strongly winding tube (wt), ending straight in elongated, narrow, goblet-like structure (gls), which is protruding from the scutum (Fig 29 D–E). Distribution: Sarawak (Fig. 35). Remark: Since only one male specimen (the holotype) and two female specimens are currently available, a more accurate examination (preparation of the chelicerae, for example) was not possible; further examinations should be done as soon as more specimens become available. Ischnothyreus mulumi sp. nov. (Figs 30 –31, 35) Type material: Holotype: male (PBI_OON 00012470), AS /03- 7. MALAYSIA: Sarawak: Mulu, National Park, 100km SEE of Miri, 4 °00'N, 114 ° 49 'E, 200m, 19.– 24.VIII. 2003, leg. A. Schulz (winkler-extraction), MHNG. Paratypes: 4 females (PBI_OON 00032196), same data as holotype, MHNG. Additional material examined: 1 male & 1 female (PBI_OON 00036304), BRUNEI DARUSSALAM: Temburong District: Ashton Trail near Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, 21km SSW Bangar, 04° 32.513 'N, 115 °09.300'E, 100–150m, primary mixed dipterocarp forest, sifting leaf litter, 1.X. 2009, C. Griswold & N. Chousou Polydouri UT004, CASENT 9036044 (CAS). 2 females (PBI_OON 00036326), same data as PBI_OON 0 0 0 36304 except miniwinkler extraction of concentrated leaf litter, 3.X. 2009 (CAS). 1 male (PBI_OON 00036335), same data as PBI_OON 0 0 0 36304 except 4–9.X. 2009 (CAS). 1 female (PBI_OON 00036333), same data as PBI_OON 0 0 0 36304 (CAS). 1 male (PBI_OON 00036325), same data as PBI_OON 0 0 0 36326 (CAS). 1 female (PBI_OON 00035260), same data as PBI_OON 0 0 0 36326 (CAS). 1 female (PBI_OON 00031652), INDO- NESIA: East Kalimantan: Berau Distr., Hutan Wisata Sei Tangap, ca. 8 km W of Tanjungredeb (2 °08’04”N, 117 ° 24 ’ 39 ”E), 30m (primary forest), 2.X. 2008, leg. P. Schwendinger (MHNG). 1 female (PBI_OON 00031644), INDONESIA: East Kalimantan: Berau Distr., Hutan Mayang Mangurai, ca. 15 km SW of Tanjungredeb (2 °06’ 13 ”N, 117 ° 24 ’05”E), 20m (secondary forest), 30.IX. 2008, leg. P. Schwendinger (MHNG). Etymology: The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality. Diagnosis: The male of I. mulumi can easily be recognized by the unusual, crown-shaped terminal part of the bulb, with a beak-like apophysis on the ventral side (Fig. 30 H–J). The female genital area is characterized by the strongly winding tube, ending posteriorly in a circle, surrounded by numerous short setae (Fig. 31 G–J). Description: Male (holotype). Total length 1.53 mm. Carapace: orange-brown, broadly oval in dorsal view, domed in lateral view, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica strongly reticulate, sides strongly reticulate. Sternum: as long as wide, setae abundant. Mouthparts: chelicerae with anteriorly directed process (bp) at base of fangs and brush (b) on retromargin (Fig. 30 G), fang groove with few denticles. Anterior margin of labium indented at middle. Anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, tooth-like projection (stp) (Fig. 30 E). Abdomen: book lung covers large, elliptical. Pedicel tube medium, scutum extending far dorsal of pedicel. Dorsal scutum strongly sclerotized, orange, anteriorly and posteriorly darkened, covering full length of abdomen, middle surface and sides striated. Epigastric and postepigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, fused, postepigastric scutum long, almost rectangular, covering about 3 / 4 of abdominal length. Spinneret scutum with fringe of long setae. Legs: spine formula: femora: I p 0-1 - 1; r 0-1 -0; II p0- 0-1; tibiae: I, II p 2 - 1 - 1; r 2 - 1 - 1; metatarsi: I, II p 1 - 1 -0; r 1 - 1 -0. Genitalia: Palp strongly sclerotized, prox

A new genus of the spider family Caponiidae (Araneae, Haplogynae) from Iran /

no. 365

Spiders (Araneae) from Swiss hothouses, with records of four species new for Switzerland

Investigations of invertebrates in nine hothouses (tropical gardens) in Switzerland provided some spiders as by-catch. In total, we collected 136 spiders, of which 65 specimens represent 14 species from six families (the rest of the collection consisted of unidentifiable juveniles). Nine species are alien for Europe, one originates from the Mediterranean and four species are native to Central Europe. Four species represent first records for the Swiss fauna: Nesticidae: Nesticella mogera (Yaginuma, 1972), Oonopidae: Diblemma donisthorpei O. , Ischnothyreus peltifer (Simon, 1892) and Prida sechellensis (). These four species are discussed briefly and documented with photos

The goblin spider genus Ischnothyreus (Araneae, Oonopidae) in the New World. (American Museum novitates, no. 3759)

32 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 26 cm. Part of the oonopid PBI project. Cf. acknowledgments.Although originally described from St. Vincent in the Lesser Antilles, the goblin spider genus Ischnothyreus Simon appears to be an Old World taxon that is represented in the New World only by two presumably introduced, pantropical, synanthropic species: I. peltifer (Simon) and I. velox Jackson. Two specific names based on New World specimens (I. barrowsi Chamberlin and Ivie from Florida, and I. indressus Chickering from the Lesser Antilles) are placed as junior synonyms of I. velox, which is newly recorded from Mexico, Panama, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Venezuela, Brazil, Madagascar, the Philippines, the Marshall Islands, Hawaii, the Marquesas Islands, and New Caledonia. A third species, I. browni Chickering, that is supposedly from Costa Rica was apparently based on mislabeled specimens that are actually from the Philippines. The type specimens of I. browni resemble those of the Seychelle species Ischnothyrella jivani (Benoit) in that the dorsal abdominal scutum of males is extremely weak and that of females is either greatly reduced or entirely lost. Both species nevertheless share the synapomorphies of Ischnothyreus, and the generic name Ischnothyrella Saaristo is therefore placed as a junior synonym of Ischnothyreus

The new Southeast Asian goblin spider genus Aposphragisma (Araneae, Oonopidae): diversity and phylogeny

The new genus Aposphragisma (Araneae, Oonopidae, Oonopinae) comprising the new species A. baltenspergerae, A. borgulai, A. brunomanseri, A. confluens, A. dayak, A. dentatum, A. draconigenum, A. hausammannae, A. helvetiorum, A. kolleri, A. menzi, A. monoceros, A. nocturnum, A. retifer, A. rimba, A. salewskii, A. scimitar, A. sepilok and A. stannum is described. It is characterised by very hard bodied, strongly sclerotized species with completely armoured prosoma and strongly sclerotized ventral and dorsal abdominal scuta. Aposphragisma gen. nov. is placed within the Gamasomorpha-group sensu Saaristo (2001). Descriptions and illustrations are given for all new species. A phylogenetic analysis based on 40 characters using Prethopalpus fosuma, Gamasomorpha asterobothros, G. cataphracta, G. seximpressa, Xestaspis biflocci, X. kandy and X. paulina as outgroup-taxa and Cortestina thaleri (Oonopidae, Sulsulinae) as the root is presented and discussed. Furthermore it is shown that females of Aposphragisma gen. nov. possess complex internal genitalia. The members of the new genus are ground-dwelling litter inhabitants restricted to Southeast Asian lowland and montane forests, with more than 60% of the species only known from single localities. They are presumed to be negatively affected by the massive destruction of pristine forest habitats within their range. This work has been conducted within the framework of the Planetary Biodiversity Inventory (PBI) of Oonopidae (see http://research.amnh.org/oonopidae)