12 research outputs found

    Do programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) play a role in patients with non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma?

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    Clinical trials targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 (PD-L1) for metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) are ongoing. The aim of this study is to validate their roles as prognostic markers in non-clear cell (non-cc) RCC. Sixty-four non-cc RCC tissue specimens were collected from patients undergoing renal tumor surgery. Expressions of biomarkers were assessed using immunohistochemistry and compared with clinical characteristics. Survival analyses were performed with a median follow-up of 77.5 (range: 0-176) months. No significant correlations were found for PD-1(+) tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells (TIMC) or PD-L1(+) expression and clinical attributes in patients with non-cc RCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no differences in 5- and 10-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) for PD-1-TIMC compared to PD-1(+) TIMC (71.4 and 63 % versus 72.2 and 61.9 %; p = 0.88). Intratumoral expression of PD-L1 did not appear to influence the 5-and 10-year CSS significantly, even though a trend was identified (68 and 53.6 % versus 80.1 and 75.7 %; p = 0.08). In multivariate analysis, neither PD-1(+) TIMC nor intratumoral PD-L1(+) expression proved to be independent predictors of CSS (p = 0.99 and p = 0.68, respectively). Our study demonstrates that PD-1(+) TIMC and intratumoral PD-L1(+) expression did not significantly impact tumor aggressiveness or clinical outcome in non-ccRCC specimens. Due to rare incidence of non-cc RCC in particular according to PD-L1 expression, further analyzes are warranted

    Prevalência de infecção do colo do útero pelo HPV no Brasil: revisão sistemática

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    OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de infecção pelo vírus do papiloma humano (HPV) em mulheres no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Revisão sistemática que incluiu artigos recuperados em busca livre nos portais PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, em abril/2009, utilizando-se os termos "human papillomavirus", "HPV", "prevalence" e "Brazil". Dos 155 artigos identificados, 82 permaneceram após leitura de título e resumo e foram submetidos à leitura integral, sendo selecionados 14 artigos. RESULTADOS: Os artigos sobre o tema foram publicados entre 1989 e 2008. Os 14 artigos representaram estudos de quatro regiões brasileiras (Sudeste 43%, Sul 21,4%, Nordeste 21,4% e Norte 7,1%). Nove artigos relatavam estudos transversais. Em oito utilizaram-se técnicas moleculares para tipagem do HPV e em sete deles utilizou-se captura híbrida para detecção do HPV. As populações estudadas variaram de 49 a 2.329 mulheres. A prevalência geral de infecção do colo do útero pelo HPV variou entre 13,7% e 54,3%, e para as mulheres com citologia normal, variou entre 10,4% e 24,5%. Quatro estudos relataram os tipos de HPV mais freqüentes, segundo resultado de citologia. CONCLUSÕES: As técnicas de citologia disponíveis resultam em diversas classificações e estimativas de prevalência do HPV. Contudo, considerando separadamente os estudos segundo a técnica utilizada, observa-se que a prevalência do HPV tem aumentado. O HPV16 foi o tipo mais freqüente entre as mulheres, independentemente do resultado de citologia. A concentração dos estudos na região Sudeste do País, especialmente nas regiões metropolitanas, mostra que investigações adicionais serão necessárias para aumentar a abrangência das informações disponíveis sobre as mulheres brasileiras.OBJETIVO: Analizar la prevalencia de infección por el virus de papiloma humano en mujeres en Brasil. MÉTODOS: Revisión sistemática que incluyó artículos recuperados en búsqueda libre en las páginas de datos PubMed y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, en abril/2009, utilizándose los términos "human papillomavirus", "HPV", "prevalence" y "Brazil". De los 155 artículos identificados 82 se mantuvieron luego de leer el título y el resumen y fueron leídos de forma íntegra, siendo seleccionados 14 artículos. RESULTADOS: Los artículos sobre el tema fueron publicados entre 1989 y 2008. Los 14 artículos representaron estudios de cuatro regiones brasileras (Sureste - 43%, Sur - 21,4%, Noreste - 21,4% y Norte - 7,1%). Nueve artículos relatan estudios transversales. En ocho se utilizaron técnicas moleculares para tipaje del HPV e siete de ellos se utilizó captura híbrida para detección del HPV. Las poblaciones estudiadas variaron de 49 a 2.329 mujeres. La prevalencia general de infección de cuello de útero por el HPV varió entre 13,7% y 54,3%, y para las mujeres con citología normal, varió entre 10,4% y 24,5%. Cuatro estudios relataron los tipos de HPV más frecuentes, según resultado de citología. CONCLUSIONES: Las técnicas de citología disponibles resultan en diversas clasificaciones y estimaciones de prevalencia del HPV. Sin embargo, considerando separadamente los estudios según la técnica utilizada, se observa que la prevalencia del HPV ha aumentado. El HPV16 fue el tipo más frecuente entre las mujeres, independientemente del resultado de citología. La concentración de los estudios en la región Sureste del Brasil, especialmente en las regiones metropolitanas, muestra que las investigaciones adicionales serán necesarias para aumentar la amplitud de las informaciones disponibles sobre las mujeres brasileñas.OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women in Brazil. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted with an active search in PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases using the terms "human papillomavirus," "HPV," "prevalence," and "Brazil". Of 155 articles retrieved, 82 were selected after reading their title and abstract. After a thorough examination, 14 articles were included in the study. RESULTS: The 14 articles selected were published between 1989 and 2008 and comprised studies from four Brazilian macroregions (Southeast 43%; South 21.4%; Northeast 21.4%; and North 7.1%). Nine were cross-sectional studies. Eight articles used polymerase chain reaction and seven used hybrid capture for HPV detection. The study samples ranged from 49 to 2,329 women. The overall prevalence of HPV cervical infection was between 13.7% and 54.3%; and women with cytologically normal results had 10% to 24.5% prevalence of HPV cervical infection. Four articles described the most common HPV types. CONCLUSIONS: The cytology techniques available use different classifications leading to different HPV prevalence estimates. However, considering the studies individually according to the detection technique used, the HPV prevalence has increased. HPV16 was the most prevalent type among women, regardless of the cytology result. The concentration of studies in the Southeast region, especially in metropolitan regions, evidences that further investigations are needed to improve information coverage of Brazilian women

    Prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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    Ion Implantation

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    Schottky Diodes

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