22 research outputs found
Efficient One-Pot, Two-Component Modular Synthesis of 3,5-Disubstituted Pyrazoles
The pyrazole scaffold is one of the
most prevalent and important
tool in medicinal chemistry. Here, we report a method for preparing
3,5-diarylpyrazoles in good to excellent yield by reacting hydrazones
of aryl aldehydes with substituted acetophenones in ethanol in the
presence of dimethyl sulfoxide/cat. I2/cat. HCl. The reverse
process, reacting hydrazones of substituted acetophenones with aryl
aldehydes under the same conditions, also provides 3,5-diarylpyrazoles
in good to excellent yields. Reaction of hydrazones of aldehydes with
2′-aryloxy ketones in the presence of cat. HCl in ethanol and
the catalyst-free reaction of phenacyl bromides with hydrazones of
aldehydes in ethanol also gave good to excellent yields of 3,5-diarylpyrazoles
β-アミラーゼの醗酵生産促進物質の分離
textabstractEndoplasmic reticulum-synthesized membrane proteins traffic through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) en route to the inner nuclear membrane (INM). Although many membrane proteins pass the NPC by simple diffusion, two yeast proteins, ScSrc1/ScHeh1 and ScHeh2, are actively imported. In these proteins, a nuclear l
Long Unfolded Linkers Facilitate Membrane Protein Import Through the Nuclear Pore Complex
Active nuclear import of soluble cargo involves transport factors that shuttle cargo through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) by binding to phenylalanine-glycine (FG) domains. How nuclear membrane proteins cross through the NPC to reach the inner membrane is presently unclear. We found that at least a 120-residue-long intrinsically disordered linker was required for the import of membrane proteins carrying a nuclear localization signal for the transport factor karyopherin-α. We propose an import mechanism for membrane proteins in which an unfolded linker slices through the NPC scaffold to enable binding between the transport factor and the FG domains in the center of the NPC.
An analysis of clustering of betapapillomavirus antibodies
Betapapillomaviruses (βPVs) may contribute to the aetiology of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. However, no high-risk types have yet been identified, possibly because the high frequency of co-infection prevents a straightforward analysis of the independent effects of individual viruses. This study aimed to determine whether specific virus types were more likely to co-occur than others, thereby reducing the number of parameters needed in statistical models. Antibody data were analysed from controls who participated in case-control studies in The Netherlands, Italy and Australia and from participants in the German Nutrition Survey. Cluster analysis and two ordination techniques were used to identify patterns. Evidence of clustering was found only according to the number of viruses to which antibodies were detected. The lack of clustering of specific viral types identified suggests that if there are βPV types that are independently related to skin carcinogenesis, they are unlikely to be identified using standard epidemiological methods