Tagungsbericht zum Transdisziplinären Kolloquium 2016: „Information und Wissen“

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation of nonspherical particle suspensions

Particulate suspensions are used in many technical areas: ceramic processing, powder metallurgy and pharmaceutical applications being only a few examples. In many of these applications the microstructure determines the product quality. To further optimize the production processes a better understanding of the rheological behavior and the microstructure development inside the suspension is needed. Therefore, a direct numerical simulation method taking into account both particle interactions and hydrodynamics has been developed. It is used to investigate the particle orientation during the tape casting of thin ceramic sheets

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation of nonspherical particle suspensions

Particulate suspensions are used in many technical areas: ceramic processing, powder metallurgy and pharmaceutical applications being only a few examples. In many of these applications the microstructure determines the product quality. To further optimize the production processes a better understanding of the rheological behavior and the microstructure development inside the suspension is needed. Therefore, a direct numerical simulation method taking into account both particle interactions and hydrodynamics has been developed. It is used to investigate the particle orientation during the tape casting of thin ceramic sheets

Consumer inattention and firm behavior

Lack of information distorts markets, and communicating product value to potential consumers is a crucial ingredient of marketing strategy. However, a large body of behavioral research has suggested that even when information is easily accessible, consumers often fail to attend to it. Evidence of consumer inattention has been studied in various settings, both inside and outside the laboratory. How an intermediary should react when communication fails as a result of consumers’ failure to use the provided information is unclear. Can or should firms profit from asymmetric information caused by consumer inattention? If so, by how much? Does competition alleviate the effect? We consider these questions in the context of resale markets, both theoretically and empirically. The theoretical model demonstrates that a centralized intermediary can extract surplus from serving consumers who are less attentive and, as a result, overestimate the product value. We test the theory using a detailed dataset of millions of automobile transactions from a seven-year period. First, we find clear evidence of a specific type of inattention: Buyers exhibit left-digit bias and systematically underestimate the depreciation of vehicles that have odometer readings immediately below round cutoffs. Second, the estimated level of inattention is twice as high in dealership transactions than in consumer transactions, so that dealers make a significantly higher margin on such vehicles. Third, we estimate the supply-side response to consumer inattention and find 2.53% additional transactions, compared to the no-inattention counterfactual. As a result, the average margin is 1.8% higher, leading to an aggregate increase in operating profits of 4.37%, or about $422 million, within the seven-year sample period. The surplus obtained by the product owners who sell in the market increases by about 2.77$700 million.Marketin

Indistinguishability of identical bosons from a quantum information theory perspective

Using tools from quantum information theory, we present a general theory of indistinguishability of identical bosons in experiments consisting of passive linear optics followed by particle number detection. Our results do neither rely on additional assumptions on the input state of the interferometer, such as, for instance, a fixed mode occupation, nor on any assumption on the degrees of freedom that potentially make the particles distinguishable. We identify the expectation value of the projector onto the $N$-particle symmetric subspace as an operationally meaningful measure of indistinguishability, and derive tight lower bounds on it that can be efficiently measured in experiments. Moreover, we present a consistent definition of perfect distinguishability and characterize the corresponding set of states. In particular, we show that these states are diagonal in the computational basis up to a permutationally invariant unitary. Moreover, we find that convex combinations of states that describe partially distinguishable and perfectly indistinguishable particles can lead to perfect distinguishability, which itself is not preserved under convex combinations

Implications of the Heat Generation of LMR-NCM on the Thermal Behavior of Large-Format Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium- and manganese-rich NCM (LMR-NCM) cathode active materials exhibit a pronounced energy inefficiency during charge and discharge that results in a strong heat generation during operation. The implications of such a heat generation are investigated for large-format lithium-ion batteries. Small laboratory cells are generally considered isothermal, but for larger cell formats this heat cannot be neglected. Therefore, the heat generation of LMR-NCM/graphite coin cells and NCA/graphite coin cells as a reference is measured for varying charge/discharge rates in an isothermal heat flow calorimeter and scaled to larger standardized cell formats. With the aid of thermal 3D models, the temperature evolution within these cell formats under different charge/discharge operations and cooling conditions is analyzed. Without an additional heat sink and any active cooling of larger LMR-NCM/graphite cells, discharge C-rates lower than C/2 are advisable to keep the cell temperature below a critical threshold. If the loads are increased, the cooling strategy has to be adapted to the specific cell format, otherwise critical temperatures above 60 °C are easily reached. For the investigated convective surface cooling and base plate cooling scenarios, thick prismatic cell formats with LMR-NCM are generally unfavorable, as the large amount of heat cannot be adequately dissipated

Исследование влияния природы растворителя, используемого при получении электродной мембраны, на работу Ni-селективного электрода при определении ионов никеля (LL) в водных средах

Исследовано влияние природы растворителей (бензиловый спирт и хлорфенол), используемых для изготовления полимерной электродной мембраны твердофазного никельселективного электрода на основе никельгексационоферратов ({Ni2[Fe(CN)6]}), иммобилизованных в полиэтилентерефталатную (ПЭТФ) матрицу для определения ионов никеля в водных средах. Установлено, что мембраны, полученные на основе бензилового спирта имеют более высокие электродные показатели по сходимости и воспроизводимости потенциалов, стабильности работы, низком дрейфе и времени отклика электрода по сравнению с мембранами на основе хлорфенола и могут быть рекомендованы к использованию в никель селективных электродах.The influence of the nature of the solvents (benzyl alcohol and chlorophenol) used to fabricate a polymer electrode membrane of a solid-phase nickel selective electrode based on nickelhexacetanoferrates ({Ni2 [Fe (CN) 6]}) immobilized in a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) matrix for the determination of nickel ions in aqueous media . It has been established that membranes obtained on the basis of benzyl alcohol have higher electrode indices for the convergence and reproducibility of potentials, stability of operation, low drift and electrode response time compared to chlorophenol-based membranes, and can be recommended for use in nickel selective electrodes

Perspectives of Ultra Cold Atoms Trapped in Magnetic Micro Potentials

Recent work on magnetic micro traps for ultracold atoms is briefly reviewed. The basic principles of operation are described together with the loading methods and some of the realized trap geometries. Experiments are discussed that study the interaction between atoms and the surface of micro traps as well as the dynamics of ultracold gases in wave guides are discussed. The results allow for an outlook towards future directions of research