Gender, crime, and justice : learning through cases

Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à Lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra.Localização na estante: 343.9 K19

Observing change in pelagic animals as sampling methods shift: the case of Antarctic krill

Understanding and managing the response of marine ecosystems to human pressures including climate change requires reliable large-scale and multi-decadal information on the state of key populations. These populations include the pelagic animals that support ecosystem services including carbon export and fisheries. The use of research vessels to collect information using scientific nets and acoustics is being replaced with technologies such as autonomous moorings, gliders, and meta-genetics. Paradoxically, these newer methods sample pelagic populations at ever-smaller spatial scales, and ecological change might go undetected in the time needed to build up large-scale, long time series. These global-scale issues are epitomised by Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), which is concentrated in rapidly warming areas, exports substantial quantities of carbon and supports an expanding fishery, but opinion is divided on how resilient their stocks are to climatic change. Based on a workshop of 137 krill experts we identify the challenges of observing climate change impacts with shifting sampling methods and suggest three tractable solutions. These are to: improve overlap and calibration of new with traditional methods; improve communication to harmonise, link and scale up the capacity of new but localised sampling programs; and expand opportunities from other research platforms and data sources, including the fishing industry. Contrasting evidence for both change and stability in krill stocks illustrates how the risks of false negative and false positive diagnoses of change are related to the temporal and spatial scale of sampling. Given the uncertainty about how krill are responding to rapid warming we recommend a shift towards a fishery management approach that prioritises monitoring of stock status and can adapt to variability and change

Qu'est-ce qu'une bibliothèque numérique, au juste ? Au-delà des fonctions recherche et accès dans la National Science Digital Library

Based on a variety of calibrations11. Bien que les catalogues de ressources numériques aient été introduits de bonne heure dans l'histoire de l'informatique [51] l'emploi généralisé du terme « bibliothèque numérique » remonte au début des années 90 [16] [20]., we are now in the adolescence of digital libraries. Like any adolescence, there is reason for optimism and concern. The concern originates in part from the vexing problems that were addressed in early digital library workshops [8 [8] D. E. Atkins, Report of the Santa Fe Planning Workshop on Distributed Knowledge Work Environments : Digital Libraries, 1997 ., 34 [34] C. A. Lynch and H. Garcia-Molina, "Interoperability, Scaling, and the Digital Libraries Research Agenda," IITA Digital Libraries Workshop May 18-19 1995. href="http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/diglib/pub/reports/iita-dlw/main.html" class="spip_out">http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/diglib/pub/reports/iita-dlw/main.html>.] for which practical solutions have yet to be fully deployed. A few examples are illustrative. While Handles and DOIs88. . have been successfully deployed in the library and publishing communities, the goal of ubiquitous, persistent identifiers remains unmet. Widespread acceptance of Dublin Core and OAI-PMH appears to address initial goals for interoperable resource description. However, problems with the quality of metadata [58 [58] J. Ward, "A Quantitative Analysis of Unqualified Dublin Core Metadata Element Set Usage within Data Providers Registered with the Open Archives Initiative," presented at Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, Houston, 2003.] compromise the utility of the standards. Federated identity middleware such as Shibboleth99. . begins to address authorization and authentication issues, but the underlying public key infrastructure that was seen as "essential to the emergence of digital libraries" [34 [34] C. A. Lynch and H. Garcia-Molina, "Interoperability, Scaling, and the Digital Libraries Research Agenda," IITA Digital Libraries Workshop May 18-19 1995. href="http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/diglib/pub/reports/iita-dlw/main.html" class="spip_out">http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/diglib/pub/reports/iita-dlw/main.html>.] remains undeveloped. Despite efforts of the W3C's Semantic Web initiative [13 [13] T. Berners-Lee, J. Hendler, and O. Lassila, "The Semantic Web," Scientific American, (50), May, 2001.], the holy grail of semantic interoperability [42 [42] A. M. Ouksel and A. Sheth, "Semantic Interoperability in Global Information Systems," SIGMOD Record, 28 (1), 1999.] remains elusive. Finally, with increasing amounts of rich information born in digital form and stored in institutional repositories, we still lack standard, scalable techniques for fully preserving that information.Les bibliothèques numériques, bien que de tailles différentes , vivent à présent leur adolescence. Comme pour toute adolescence, il y a de quoi s'enthousiasmer et se préoccuper. Les préoccupations proviennent en partie de problèmes soulevés lors des premiers ateliers de bibliothèque numérique [8, 34] et pour lesquels des solutions pratiques restent à mettre en oeuvre. Quelques exemples le montrent. Tandis que Handle et DOI ont été déployés avec succès dans les communautés des bibliothèques et de l'édition, l'objectif visant à disposer d'identifiants universels et pérennes n'est toujours pas atteint. L'adoption largement répandue du Dublin Core et de l'OAI-PMH semble répondre aux objectifs initiaux d'une description des ressources qui soit interopérable. Pourtant, des problèmes liés à la qualité des métadonnées [58] compromettent l'utilité des standards. Les logiciels médiateurs d'identité fédérée comme Shibboleth commencent à répondre aux questions d'autorisation et d'identification, mais l'infrastructure à clé publique, considérée comme « essentielle à l'émergence des bibliothèques numériques » [34], n'est pas encore développée. En dépit des efforts produits par l'initiative pour le Web sémantique du W3C [13], le Saint Graal de l'interopérabilité sémantique [42] reste hors de portée. Enfin, face aux volumes croissants d'information sous forme numérique native et stockée dans des entrepôts institutionnels, il nous manque toujours des techniques extensibles et normalisées pour préserver pleinement cette information

Rapid One-Step Carrier Detection Assay of Mucolipidosis IV Mutations in the Ashkenazi Jewish Population

Two mutations in the MCOLN1 mucolipidosis IV (ML IV) gene represent ∼95% of the mutations in Ashkenazi-Jewish patients with ML IV. The mutations, a splice site mutation (IVS3-2A>G) and an ∼6.4-kb deletion (511del6434), account for 72% and 23% of ML IV alleles in this population, respectively. An automated high-throughput assay was developed using the 5′-nuclease (TaqMan) method for the simultaneous detection of both mutations in a single reaction. Three fluorescent probes specifically detected wild-type, IVS3-2A>G, and 511del6434 alleles in each reaction real-time. Data collected were automatically analyzed, and genotype results were uploaded into a laboratory information management system. The assay was validated using genomic controls, demonstrating high robustness and accuracy. Carrier screening of 10,527 samples revealed 77 heterozygote carriers of IVS3-2A>G, 25 heterozygote carriers of 511del6434, and two compound heterozygote of both mutant alleles. The frequency of mutated alleles was 0.73% for IVS3-2A>G and 0.24% for 511del6434. The combined carrier frequency was 1:103 with predicted disease incidence of 1:42,436 individuals in this population, slightly lower than previously described frequencies. This automated high-throughput assay is labor saving, because two mutations can be detected in a single reaction. The method has potential for use in other assays requiring simultaneous detection of two mutations