Atualidades e tendências no uso de enzimas na nutrição de aves.

É incontestável a consolidação do uso de enzimas nos sistemas de produção de aves e suínos, especialmente na área de nutrição. Apesar dos intensos avanços ao longo dos últimos anos quanto ao desenvolvimento e funcionamento das enzimas (enzimologia), exitem ainda, lacunas importantes a serem elucidadas, especialmente no que refere a composição dos alimentos, no tocante ao tipo e nível de substratos presentes (bromatologia). Pontos críticos quanto ao uso de enzimas são comuns na indústria, especialmente no que diz respeito ao conhecimento do substrato contido na matéria prima, estabilidade enzimática e métodos analíticos e experimentais

PACCE: Perl Algorithm to Compute Continuum and Equivalent Widths

We present Perl Algorithm to Compute continuum and Equivalent Widths (pacce). We describe the methods used in the computations and the requirements for its usage. We compare the measurements made with pacce and "manual" ones made using iraf splot task. These tests show that for SSP models the equivalent widths strengths are very similar (differences <0.2A) for both measurements. In real stellar spectra, the correlation between both values is still very good, but with differences of up to 0.5A. pacce is also able to determine mean continuum and continuum at line center values, which are helpful in stellar population studies. In addition, it is also able to compute the uncertainties in the equivalent widths using photon statistics. The code is made available for the community through the web at http://www.if.ufrgs.br/~riffel/software.html.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted by Astrophysics and Space Scienc

Field galaxies at intermediate redshift (0.2 < z < 0.8) in the direction of the galaxy cluster LCDCS-S001

We present spectroscopic and photometric analysis for eight field galaxies in the direction of the galaxy cluster LCDCS-S001. The spectra were obtained with the GMOS instrument in the Gemini South Observatory. The objects were selected in an i' band image and the multi-object spectroscopic observations were centered at 7500 A. For the galaxies ID 440 and ID 461 we have determined redshifts of z=0.7464 and z=0.7465, respectively. For the other six galaxies we have confirmed the redshift calculated by Rembold & Pastoriza (2006). The redshifts of the field galaxies are in the range of 0.2201 < z < 0.7784. We determined the blue and visual luminosities and they are brighter than M_B=-18.64. The galaxies ID 180, ID 266, ID 461 follow the Faber-Jackson relation of the Coma and Virgo early-type galaxies, and therefore do not present a brightening of the B luminosity as observed in galaxies at higher redshifts. The stellar velocity dispersion was measured for five galaxies and estimated to be in the range of 200 < sigma < 346 km/s. Lick indices were measured and used to determine the stellar population properties of galaxies ID 120 and ID 146, by means of spectral synthesis. The first galaxy, ID 120, presents in its spectrum absorption and emission lines, and we have found that the main contribution in the flux at lambda 5870 A is of a 0.1 Gyr stellar population of solar metallicity. For ID 146, the dominant flux contribution at lambda 4200 A, is provided by a stellar population of 10 Gyr of subsolar metallicity. From stellar population synthesis we estimated reddening values of E(B-V)=0.90 and E(B-V)=0.82 for ID 120 and ID 146, respectively. According to classical diagnostic diagrams the emission lines present in the spectrum of ID 120 indicate that it is a starburst galaxy.Comment: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical. 6 Figures and 4 table

JOINT LOADING OF LOWER EXTREMITIES DURING NORDIC WALKING COMPARED TO WALKING BASED ON KINETIC AND KINEMATIC DATA

Based on a higher cardio-pulmonary and cardio-vascular benefit and a promised reduction of mechanical load of the musculoskeletal system Nordic Walking (NW) shows an increased market potential. The present study should investigate whether there are differences in joint loading of lower extremities using an inverse dynamics approach between NW and Walking. In this experiment 15 subjects participated, who were already experienced with the NW technique. Kinematic data were collected using a 6-camera 3-dimensional Vicon System. Kinetic data were recorded using a Kistler force plate. Based on the findings it is to summarize, that the use of the poles during NW, performing the diagonal technique, do not lead to a reduction of joint loading of the lower extremities compared to Walking in general. Moreover for NW a higher knee joint loading during landing could be observed which is caused by the specific NW technique