34 research outputs found
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Contribution to basicity of technical glass melts in relation to redox equilibria and gas solubilities
To use the gas solubilities reported in the literature for binary or ternary silicate or borate melts to predict values for industrial glass melts, a basicity number concept was developed. Acidic values derived by cation-oxygen bond strengths multiplied by the mole fractions of the glass oxides were used to form a scale of basicity numbers for glass melts. The origin of this scale is the basicity number of boron oxide.
This basicity number concept was successfully applied to gas solubility values for H2O, CO2, and SO2 in binary and ternary glass melts and to the solubility of oxygen in glass melts with multivalent ions, such as iron, arsenic, antimony, cerium, chromium and manganese
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Practical IR extinction coefficients for water in commercial glasses determined by nuclear reaction analysis
For a number of commercial glasses with different chemical compositions the water contents were determined by nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) measurements. These results were used to deduce practical extinction coefficients by comparison with the measured IR absorbance values at 2.8 ÎŒm. For aluminosilicate and television glasses the practical molar extinction coefficients are given for the first time. Practical extinction coefficients are dependent upon glass composition. With increasing basicity of the glasses studied they decrease from 182 to 24 l/(mol cm)
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Analysis of gases evolved by AZS refractories and by refractory/glass melt reactions. Techniques and results. Contribution to the bubble-forming mechanism of AZS material
To understand the bubble-forming mechanism at the interface AZS material/glass melt, gas-analyzing techniques are necessary. Î review on gas bubble analysis techniques - gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric - as well as on hot extraction techniques is given.
Pore gas analyses of pristine, of sustained- and cyclically-heated AZS material without glass contact, analyses of bubbles of the exudation layer, analyses of bubbles in glass melts near the AZS material and hot extraction measurements show that at least two bubble-forming mechanisms take place at the interface refractory/glass melt. The first process is the opening of closed pores of the AZS material filled with nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide due to the normal corrosion of the AZS blocks by the glass melt. The second mechanism is the oxygen release due to a redox process of multivalent ingredients of the refractory material when temperature is increased, which forms additional oxygen bubbles and knots in the glass melt. Both processes generate bubbles whose gas content is almost the same in the glass product