Effect of ECAP on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-₁₄Fe microcomposite alloy

In current study the Cu-14%(wt.)Fe alloy was subjected to 1-10 ECAP passes via route A and, in addition, to 4 passes via routes Bc and C. Microstructure of the alloy after ECAP was characterized using SEM and EBSD analysis. It was shown that the refinement of Fe particles largely depended on the processing route: route A was the most efficient and route Bc was the less efficient. After 10 passes via route A the average thickness of Fe particles decreased to about 3 μm from about 10 μm in initial state. However, the microstructure development in Cu matrix was found to be not dependent much on ECAP route – the average grain/subgrain reached value of about 0.25 μm (according to EBSD analysis) after 4 passes. The mechanical properties of the alloy were also found to be not sensitive to ECAP route

Production projects under public-private partnership in the sphere of economic security of the penitentiary system : issues of financial, personnel and operational management

Purpose: The aim of this article is to present the processes of economic security of the Penitentiary system of the Russian Federation. Design/Methodology/Approach: Research methodology is based on the works of world known scientists (specialists in the sphere of penitentiary production, law and administration), systematic approach and dialectic method. Authors used a wide information base that consists of legislation and statistics of the Russian Federation. Findings: Authors justified separate spheres, within which the abstract isolated control functions of the prison industry are to be implemented (finance, personnel, technology). Authors analyzed the prerequisites of the Penitentiary system's economic security provision. For this reason, several significant problems that have the character of contradictions were determined. Practical Implications: The research results may be implemented into Russian legal and socioeconomic framework to improve and increase the penitentiary systems's economic security. Originality/Value: The main contribution of this study is the highlighted interconnections between Russia's economic security and the development of the Russian Penitentiary system's production sector.peer-reviewe

Use of iodine and selenium enriched fodder rations for production of fortified young lamb

The article is devoted to preventive measures to eliminate the problem of dysmicroelementosis in order to increase the productivity of young sheep. The article presents the results of studies of the influence of feeding rations on the growth and development of young sheep of the Edilbaev breed, on the level of their meat productivity and the qualitative characteristics of biologically fortified lamb. Feed additives based on Yoddar-Zn and DAFS-25 were added to the main ration of lambs at the age of four months, once a day, being added into a fodder mixture with concentrates. For the experiment the herd of lambs was divided to four groups of 25 heads each.The changes in live weight at the age of four, five, six and seven months were analyzed, and it was found that at the age of seven months, the absolute average weight gain in the experimental groups varied from 3.45 kg to 4.49 kg, in the control group it was 3.1 kg, while the largest live weight gain was recorded in group III which received both feed additives based on Yoddar-Zn and DAFS-25.There were no significant differences in the parameters of body measurements, with the exception of group III, where the chest circumference increased by 7.2%, and the height of a lamb at the withers increased in average by 8.1%. It was found that group III had the highest meat density coefficient, equal to 3.9, and the cross-sectional area of m. Longissimus dorsi was equal to 13.61 cm2. It was noted that the amount of free amino acids of the lamb group III is 18.8% higher than the meat of the control group. The lamb obtained from the animals of the experimental groups showed a higher protein content and less fat. The ratio of water to protein in all samples was slightly higher than 3.7, which corresponds to the Federa number for meat raw materials. Enriching the rations of the Edilbaevskoy sheep with feed additives Yoddar-Zn and DAFS-25 promotes the stimulation of growth and development of animals, increases the productivity and nutritional value of lamb

Information visualisation for risk identification in cyber-physical systems

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are defined as combining of computational and physical systems (Lee, 2006). Examples may include production systems and also critical infrastructure systems, such as power and water supply, elecommunication networks, transportation, government and emergency services (Ouyang, 2014). Typically, CPSs are highly complex socio-technical structures on several levels of hierarchy, with various interactions between many actors, objects and processes. As such, modelling has been a common approach to abstraction and understanding of such complex CPSs (Ouyang, 2014). By modelling system entities and their interconnections, hierarchically decomposing them into subsystems, one can analyse the behaviour of CPSs as a whole, track their vulnerabilities and prescribe improvements to mitigate potential risks. While in practice traditionally, text, tables and diagrams are used as visual representations for system modeling, when the systems become too complex, these representations introduce information overload for the users. Though Unified Modelling Language (UML) (Fowler & Scott, 2004) and SysML (Friedenthal et al., 2014) diagrams are based on standardised and clearly defined logical conventions (Patou et al., 2018), the visual techniques used are often subpar and do not allow achieving efficient visual communication of underlying information to its users (Sindiy et al., 2013). Information Visualisation is a branch of Human-Computer Interaction that studies “computer-supported, interactive, visual representations of data to amplify cognition” (Card et al., 1999). By encoding information into a changeable medium, it is said that information visualisations improve the cognitive processing power of users, allow fast information search, and assist recognition of patterns (Card et al., 1999). Using the concept of Uncontrolled Flows of Information and Energy (UFoI-E) (Guzman & Kozin, 2018), it is possible to build interactive diagrams to depict threats and hazards, corresponding detection, prevention and containment measures with respect to cyber-, physical and cyber physical layer states of CPSs. In the present study, we discuss the application of Information Visualisation techniques to design a model representation for UFoI-E-related risk identification in CPSs. Through designing an interactive visualisation that displays CPSs and their behaviour under various attack scenarios, our aim is to improve users’ ability to systemise and make sense of potential hazards, their sources and appropriate defense strategies

Calculating energy levels of isomerizing tetra-atomic molecules. I. The rovibrational bound states of Ar2HF

A general, six-dimensional computational method for the accurate calculation of rotationally and vibrationally excited states of tetra-atomic molecules is developed. The resulting program is particularly appropriate for molecules executing wide-amplitude motions and isomerizations. An application to the Ar2HF van der Waals trimer is presented in which the HF intramolecular stretching coordinate is separated out adiabatically and is not treated explicitly. Vibrational term values up to about 100 cm−1 with absolute convergence to better than 0.1 cm−1 are reported. These calculations employ more extensive vibrational basis sets and hence consider a much higher density of states than hitherto. States that sample Ar–Ar–HF linear configurations and approach Ar–HF–Ar linear configurations are characterized for the first time. Results for total angular momentumJ=0 and 1 provide the first accurate calculations of rotational constants for this system. The rotational constants for the HF bending states of Ar2HF in the ground and first vibrationally excited states of the HF monomer are in good agreement with experiment, confirming the accuracy of the potential used in this work

Millisecond-range electron spin memory in singly-charged InP quantum dots

We report millisecond-range spin memory of resident electrons in an ensemble of InP quantum dots (QDs) under a small magnetic field of 0.1 T applied along the optical excitation axis at temperatures up to about 5 K. A pump-probe photoluminescence (PL) technique is used for optical orientation of electron spins by the pump pulses and for study of spin relaxation over the long time scale by measuring the degree of circular polarization of the probe PL as a function of pump-probe delay. Dependence of spin decay rate on magnetic field and temperature suggests two-phonon processes as the dominant spin relaxation mechanism in this QDs at low temperatures.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Appl. Phys. Let