160 research outputs found

    The generalized Catalan equation in positive characteristic

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    Let K=Fp(z1,,zr)K = \mathbb{F}_p(z_1, \ldots, z_r) be a finitely generated field over Fp\mathbb{F}_p. In this article we study the generalized Catalan equation axm+byn=1ax^m + by^n = 1 in x,yKx, y \in K and integers m,n>1m, n > 1 coprime with pp.Our main result corrects earlier work of Silverman

    Higher genus theory

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    In 18011801, Gauss found an explicit description, in the language of binary quadratic forms, for the 22-torsion of the narrow class group and dual narrow class group of a quadratic number field. This is now known as Gauss's genus theory. In this paper we extend Gauss's work to the setting of multi-quadratic number fields. To this end, we introduce and parametrize the categories of expansion groups and expansion Lie algebras, giving an explicit description for the universal objects of these categories. This description is inspired by the ideas of Smith \cite{smith2} in his recent breakthrough on Goldfeld's conjecture and the Cohen--Lenstra conjectures. Our main result shows that the maximal unramified multi-quadratic extension LL of a multi-quadratic number field KK can be reconstructed from the set of generalized governing expansions supported in the set of primes that ramify in KK. This provides an explicit description for the group Gal(L/Q)\text{Gal}(L/\mathbb{Q}) and a systematic procedure to construct the field LL. A special case of our main result gives a sharp upper bound for the size of Cl+(K)[2]\text{Cl}^{+}(K)[2]. For every positive integer nn, we find infinitely many multi-quadratic number fields KK such that [K:Q][K:\mathbb{Q}] equals 2n2^n and Gal(L/Q)\text{Gal}(L/\mathbb{Q}) is a universal expansion group. Such fields KK are obtained using Smith's notion of additive systems and their basic Ramsey-theoretic behavior

    On the distribution of Cl(K)/[l(infinity)] for degree l cyclic fields

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    Unit equations and Fermat surfaces in positive characteristic

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    In this article we study the three-variable unit equation x+y+z=1x + y + z = 1 to be solved in x,y,zOSx, y, z \in \mathcal{O}_S^\ast, where OS\mathcal{O}_S^\ast is the SS-unit group of some global function field. We give upper bounds for the height of solutions and the number of solutions. We also apply these techniques to study the Fermat surface xN+yN+zN=1x^N + y^N + z^N = 1

    A sharp upper bound for the 22-torsion of class groups of multiquadratic fields

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    Let KK be a multiquadratic extension of Q\mathbb{Q} and let Cl+(K)\text{Cl}^{+}(K) be its narrow class group. Recently, the authors \cite{KP} gave a bound for Cl+(K)[2]|\text{Cl}^{+}(K)[2]| only in terms of the degree of KK and the number of ramifying primes. In the present work we show that this bound is sharp in a wide number of cases. Furthermore, we extend this to ray class groups

    Vinogradov's three primes theorem with primes having given primitive roots

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    The first purpose of our paper is to show how Hooley's celebrated method leading to his conditional proof of the Artin conjecture on primitive roots can be combined with the Hardy-Littlewood circle method. We do so by studying the number of representations of an odd integer as a sum of three primes, all of which have prescribed primitive roots. The second purpose is to analyse the singular series. In particular, using results of Lenstra, Stevenhagen and Moree, we provide a partial factorisation as an Euler product and prove that this does not extend to a complete factorisation

    On the 44-rank of class groups of Dirichlet biquadratic fields

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    We show that for 100\% of the odd, squarefree integers n>0n > 0 the 44-rank of Cl(Q(i,n))\text{Cl}(\mathbb{Q}(i, \sqrt{n})) is equal to ω3(n)1\omega_3(n) - 1, where ω3\omega_3 is the number of prime divisors of nn that are 33 modulo 44

    The 8-rank of the narrow class group and the negative Pell equation

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    On the 16-rank of class groups of Q( √ −2p) for primes p ≡ 1 mod 4

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    We use Vinogradov’s method to prove equidistribution of a spin symbol governing the 16-rank of class groups of quadratic number fields Q( √ −2p), where p ≡ 1 mod 4 is a prime

    Spins of prime ideals and the negative Pell equation x(2)-2py(2) =-1

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    Let p ≡ 1 mod 4 be a prime number. We use a number field variant of Vinogradov’s method to prove density results about the following four arithmetic invariants: (i) 16- rank of the class group Cl(−4p) of the imaginary quadratic number field Q( √ −4p); (ii) 8-rank of the ordinary class group Cl(8p) of the real quadratic field Q( √ 8p); (iii) the solvability of the negative Pell equation x 2 − 2py2 = −1 over the integers; (iv) 2-part of the Tate-Šafarevič group X(Ep) of the congruent number elliptic curve Ep : y 2 = x 3 − p 2x. Our results are conditional on a standard conjecture about short character sums
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