552 research outputs found
Error estimates of the DtN finite element method for the exterior Helmholtz problem
AbstractA priori error estimates are established for the DtN (Dirichlet-to-Neumann) finite element method applied to the exterior Helmholtz problem. The error estimates include the effect of truncation of the DtN boundary condition as well as that of the finite element discretization. A property of the Hankel functions which plays an important role in the proof of the error estimates is introduced
Membranes for spontaneous separation of pedestrian counter flows
Designing efficient traffic lanes for pedestrians is a critical aspect of
urban planning as walking remains the most common form of mobility among the
increasingly diverse methods of transportation. Herein, we investigate
pedestrian counter flows in a straight corridor, in which two groups of people
are walking in opposite directions. We demonstrate, using a molecular dynamics
approach applying the social force model, that a simple array of obstacles
improves flow rates by producing flow separations even in crowded situations.
We also report on a developed model describing the separation behavior that
regards an array of obstacles as a membrane and induces spontaneous separation
of pedestrians groups. When appropriately designed, those obstacles are fully
capable of controlling the filtering direction so that pedestrians tend to keep
moving to their left (or right) spontaneously. These results have the potential
to provide useful guidelines for industrial designs aimed at improving
ubiquitous human mobility.Comment: Manuscript accepted for publication in Europhysics Letter
Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Factors for Periodontitis Focusing on the Saliva Microbiome and Polymorphism
Few studies have exhaustively assessed relationships among polymorphisms, the microbiome, and periodontitis. The objective of the present study was to assess associations simultaneously among polymorphisms, the microbiome, and periodontitis. We used propensity score matching with a 1:1 ratio to select subjects, and then 22 individuals (mean age +/- standard deviation, 60.7 +/- 9.9 years) were analyzed. After saliva collection, V3-4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced to investigate microbiome composition, alpha diversity (Shannon index, Simpson index, Chao1, and abundance-based coverage estimator) and beta diversity using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances. A total of 51 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to periodontitis were identified. The frequencies of SNPs were collected from Genome-Wide Association Study data. The PCoA of unweighted UniFrac distance showed a significant difference between periodontitis and control groups (p 0.05). Two families (Lactobacillaceae and Desulfobulbaceae) and one species (Porphyromonas gingivalis) were observed only in the periodontitis group. No SNPs showed significant expression. These results suggest that periodontitis was related to the presence of P. gingivalis and the families Lactobacillaceae and Desulfobulbaceae but not SNPs
Triplet State Formation and Quenching Dynamics of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole in Solution
An adduct-mediated triplet energy transfer from a triplet thione to an alkene is observed with time-resolved vibrational absorption spectroscopy.</p
Ambegaokar-Baratoff relations of Josephson critical current in heterojunctions with multi-gap superconductors
An extension of the Ambegaokar-Baratoff relation to a
superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) Josephson junction with multiple
tunneling channels is derived. Appling the resultant relation to a SIS
Josephson junction formed by an iron-based (five-band) and a single-band
Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) type superconductors, a theoretical bound of
the Josephson critical current () multiplied by the resistance of
the junction () is given. We reveal that such a bound is useful for
identifying the pairing symmetry of iron-pnictide superconductors. One finds
that if a measured value of is smaller than the bound then
the symmetry is -wave, and otherwise -wave without any sign changes.
In addition, we stress that temperature dependence of is
sensitive to the difference of the gap functions from the BCS type gap formula
in the above heterojunction.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Study on developing the teaching plan for ESD based on a coordination of a local government, NPO, and university: through the practicing the ESD program whose theme is the nature of the Setouchi-Sea.
本研究は,行政・NPO・大学の三者が連携をしてESDを展開するための方法を,具体的な学習プログラムの開発を通して明らかにしていこうとするものである。新教育課程が実施されるようになって,ESDは学校の教育活動の柱の一つとして注目されるようになってきている。しかし,一部の先進的な学校を除いては,教師の間でESDが十分に理解されているとは言い難い現状が見られる。ESDについては行政やNPOの活動の影響が大きく,それらの機関には実施のためのノウハウが蓄積されている。学校においてESDを効果的に展開するためには,それらの機関が持っている研究の成果を活用して行くことが重要であるが,そのためにこれらの機関をつなぐコーディネーターの役割を果たすのが大学ではないか。本研究では,学校と行政機関やNPOの連携に基づくESD実施の前提として,大学が行政やNPOと連携していかにESDを実施していくかを,平成23年度に実施した取り組みを通して明らかにしていきたい
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