Design an efficient method for the synthesis of 2-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

A simple, highly efficient and environmentally friendly method has been developed for the synthesis of 2-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole by using  Gadolinium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate catalyst and ethanol reflux reaction conditions  By using this method. 12 new 2-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives were synthesized under optimized reactions conditions. All these new products structures are confirmed by spectral analysis. By this method, we achieved imidazole derivatives with more operational simplicity, short reaction time and good yields (up to 85%). &nbsp

Design, fabrication and testing of a cassava pelletizer

This paper reports on the design of fabrication and testing of a machine for cottage level production of pellets from cassava mash. The pelletizer consists of a barreled screw auger which compresses cassava mash against perforated end plate, through which the pellets are pelletized. The result derived from the calculated design parameters (shaft diameter, tensile stress, torque, screw length, volumetric capacity mass flow rate and power rating) were used for the fabrication. The testing of the pelletizer was determined in terms of throughput of the machine, against the moisture content of the mash (18, 20 and 22% wb), die size (4, 6 and 8 mm) and the auger speed (90, 100 and 120 rpm). Test results showed that the pellets with the best quality attributes were obtained from cassava mash at 18% moisture content (wb) through the 4 mm die at 90 rpm and a maximum throughput of 54 kg/h

A Table Mounted Device for Cracking Dika Nut (Irvingia gabonensis)

A simply designed machine for cracking dika nut was fabricated. The nut is fed by hand inbetween a toggle mechanism comprising of the slider and a fixed block. Fracture mechanism was based on the deformation characteristics of dried dika nut under uni-axial compression. When actuated, the slider compresses the nutshell to failure along its line of symmetry. The experimental machine gave 100% cracking efficiency but with 24% kernel breakage in cracking sun-dried dika nut at 6.6% moisture content (w.b). The machine provides a viable and effective technique for safe dika kernel extraction

A table mounted device for cracking dika nut (Irvingia gabonensis)

A simply designed machine for cracking dika nut was fabricated. The nut is fed by hand inbetween a toggle mechanism comprising of the slider and a fixed block. Fracture mechanism was based on the deformation characteristics of dried dika nut under uni-axial compression. When actuated, the slider compresses the nutshell to failure along its line of symmetry. The experimental machine gave 100% cracking efficiency but with 24% kernel breakage in cracking sun-dried dika nut at 6.6% moisture content (w.b). The machine provides a viable and effective technique for safe dika kernel extraction

Deformation and Dehulling of Sponge Gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca) Seeds

This work presents the compressive strength properties of sponge gourd (Luffa aegyptica) seeds to facilitate the design or adaptation of an appropriate dehuller. The sizes and shape indices of the seed and kernel, and the clearance of the kernel from the seed coat were determined. The seed samples were subjected to uni-axial quasi-static compression tests at 1.0 mm min−1 along the minor and the major axes. The fracture resistance, stiffness modulus, modulus of elasticity, toughness, and maximum elastic deformation of the seed were obtained from the force-deformation curve. The geometric mean diameters varied from 4.0 to 4.5 mm for the seed and 1.6 to 3.9 mm for the embedded kernel; while their corresponding sphericities were 0.64 and 0.62, respectively. The compressive strength of the seed varied with loading orientation. The seed exhibited larger deformation but lower stiffness along the major axis than the minor axis. The force required for rupturing the hull were 95 N along the major axis and 81 N along the minor axis; while the corresponding energy required were 95 and 40 m

Feasibility of integrated bivalve farming at Pallipuram in Vypeen Island, Cochin

The technologies for edible oyster and mussel farming have been developed by CMFRI in 1980's. In order to facilitate the transfer of technologies, several demonstration trials have been carried out at various locations to test the adaptability, ecofriendliness, economic viability and sustainability of these technologies

The performance evaluation of a cassava pelletizer

This paper reports on the development and performance evaluation of a machine for cottage level production of pellets from cassava mash. Cassava flour was produced by peeling, grating and drying freshly harvested cassava tubers. Experiments were conducted to determine the physical properties, such as moisture content, particle size distribution and bulk density and the chemical composition of the flour. The flour was mixed with water at different blend ratios to form cassava mash of different moisture contents. A cassava pelletizer was then developed incorporating relevant properties of the flour. The pelletizer consists of a barreled screw auger, which compresses cassava mash against a perforated end plate, through which the pellets are extruded. The barrel is encased in a co-axial counter flow heat exchanger to provide cooling for the system. The performance of the pelletizer was evaluated in terms of the density, durability, crushing strength and cyanide content of the pellets, and the throughput of the machine, against the moisture content of the mash (18, 20 and 22 % w.b.), die size (4, 6 and 8 mm) and the auger speed (90, 100 and 120 rpm). Test results showed that the bulk density and the durability of pellets decreased while the moisture content increased significantly (p<0.05) and separately with increasing die size and moisture content of cassava mash. The pellets with the best quality attributes were obtained from cassava mash at 18% moisture content (w.b.) extruded through the 4 mm die at 90 rpm and a maximum throughput of 54 kg/hr. The pellets exhibited a bulk density of 635 kg/m3 , 15% moisture content (w.b.) crushing strength of 34.24 MPa and a high durability (85.7%). The machine, thus, provides a significant leverage in the utilization of cassava as pelletized animal feed

Role of Anti Thymocyte Globulin (ATG) Prior to Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplantation (URD SCT) in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies: A Single Center Experience

15 juillet 19461946/07/15 (N16)

Evaluation and histological examination of a Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis small animal infection model

Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC), caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis, is associated with production losses in cattle worldwide. This study aimed to develop a reliable BGC guinea pig model to facilitate future studies of pathogenicity, abortion mechanisms and vaccine efficacy. Seven groups of five pregnant guinea pigs (1 control per group) were inoculated with one of three strains via intraperitoneal (IP) or intra-vaginal routes. Samples were examined using culture, PCR and histology. Abortions ranged from 0% to 100% and re-isolation of causative bacteria from sampled sites varied with strain, dose of bacteria and time to abortion. Histology indicated metritis and placentitis, suggesting that the bacteria induce inflammation, placental detachment and subsequent abortion. Variation of virulence between strains was observed and determined by culture and abortion rates. IP administration of C fetus subsp. venerealis to pregnant guinea pigs is a promising small animal model for the investigation of BGC abortion. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved