The economic and monetary union vs. shifts in competitiveness of member states

The paper deals with changes in the competitiveness of 12 countries forming the euro area in 1999-2000. These changes are analyzed using various macroeconomic indicators (real exchange rate, trade ratios, labor market and economic output performance). Due to the different levels of development of the countries forming the zone, changes in competitiveness do not extend uniformly. The paper ends with conclusions. The aim of this paper is to assess changes in the relative competitiveness of 12 countries forming the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) between 1999-2009. Greece was the only EU country which had not yet been accepted in the Union in 1999 and later joined the Eurozone in 2001. Despite the time difference, it was assumed that by including this economy in the analyzed EMU 12 group it would allow for better comprehension of the influence of monetary solutions and general economic policy within this integration grouping on the relative competitiveness of its particular members. Section 1 is devoted to a brief presentation of assumptions and expectations regarding the EMU. Section 2 examines real effective exchange rates (REERs). Along with the standard literature, it is assumed that REERs are important summary measures of shifts in competitiveness. Section 3 is devoted to trade developments; they are linked to the REERs. We present and analyze gross measures such as exports to the gross domestic product (GDP) ratio, external exports, export/import ratio, the share of EMU country exports in world exports and the role of high-tech trade. Section 4 deals with the shifts in labor force performance and section 5 is devoted to the most comprehensive measures which are GDP and gross national income (GNI) developments. The paper closes with conclusions.Euro zone, competitiveness, convergence, economic policy, exchange rate

A combinatorial formula for LLT cumulants of melting lollipops in terms of spanning trees

We prove a combinatorial formula for LLT cumulants of melting lollipops as a positive combination of LLT polynomials indexed by spanning trees. The result gives an affirmative answer to a general positivity question for this class of unicellular LLT cumulants, and gives an independent proof of their Schur-positivity. In the special case of the complete graph, we also express the formula in terms of parking functions.Comment: An extended abstract of this work with fewer results and a different title is available at arXiv:2011.15080v

Kult św. Jana de Matha i św. Feliksa Walezego w Brewiarzu rzymskim

The purpose of the article is to present the cult of St. John de Matha and St. Felix de Valois in the Roman Breviary. The article consists of two parts. In the first part discussed is the way these saints gained the honors of the altar, and the development of their liturgical cult. In the second part author analyzes hagiographic readings from the Roman breviary dedicated to them, which contain a lot of information about their life and holiness. He also acknowledges changes in these texts resulting from the subsequent liturgical reforms. It allows not only to get a better understanding of the Founders of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity and of Captives but also to show their importance in different periods.Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie kultu św. Jana de Matha i św. Feliksa Walezego w Brewiarzu rzymskim. Artykuł składa się z dwóch części. W pierwszej autor omawia drogę świętych do chwały ołtarzy oraz rozwój ich kultu liturgicznego, w drugiej natomiast analizuje poświęcone im czytania hagiograficzne z Brewiarza rzymskiego, zawierające wiele informacji na temat ich życia i świętości. Uwzględnia przy tym zmiany, jakie dokonały się w tych tekstach w wyniku kolejnych reform liturgicznych. Pozwala to nie tylko lepiej poznać sylwetki założycieli Zakonu Przenajświętszej Trójcy i Niewolników, lecz także ukazać ich znaczenie w różnych epokach

The economic and monetary union vs. shifts in competitiveness of member states

The paper deals with changes in the competitiveness of 12 countries forming the euro area in 1999-2000. These changes are analyzed using various macroeconomic indicators (real exchange rate, trade ratios, labor market and economic output performance). Due to the different levels of development of the countries forming the zone, changes in competitiveness do not extend uniformly. The paper ends with conclusions. The aim of this paper is to assess changes in the relative competitiveness of 12 countries forming the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) between 1999-2009. Greece was the only EU country which had not yet been accepted in the Union in 1999 and later joined the Eurozone in 2001. Despite the time difference, it was assumed that by including this economy in the analyzed EMU 12 group it would allow for better comprehension of the influence of monetary solutions and general economic policy within this integration grouping on the relative competitiveness of its particular members. Section 1 is devoted to a brief presentation of assumptions and expectations regarding the EMU. Section 2 examines real effective exchange rates (REERs). Along with the standard literature, it is assumed that REERs are important summary measures of shifts in competitiveness. Section 3 is devoted to trade developments; they are linked to the REERs. We present and analyze gross measures such as exports to the gross domestic product (GDP) ratio, external exports, export/import ratio, the share of EMU country exports in world exports and the role of high-tech trade. Section 4 deals with the shifts in labor force performance and section 5 is devoted to the most comprehensive measures which are GDP and gross national income (GNI) developments. The paper closes with conclusions

The economic and monetary union vs. shifts in competitiveness of member states

The paper deals with changes in the competitiveness of 12 countries forming the euro area in 1999-2000. These changes are analyzed using various macroeconomic indicators (real exchange rate, trade ratios, labor market and economic output performance). Due to the different levels of development of the countries forming the zone, changes in competitiveness do not extend uniformly. The paper ends with conclusions. The aim of this paper is to assess changes in the relative competitiveness of 12 countries forming the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) between 1999-2009. Greece was the only EU country which had not yet been accepted in the Union in 1999 and later joined the Eurozone in 2001. Despite the time difference, it was assumed that by including this economy in the analyzed EMU 12 group it would allow for better comprehension of the influence of monetary solutions and general economic policy within this integration grouping on the relative competitiveness of its particular members. Section 1 is devoted to a brief presentation of assumptions and expectations regarding the EMU. Section 2 examines real effective exchange rates (REERs). Along with the standard literature, it is assumed that REERs are important summary measures of shifts in competitiveness. Section 3 is devoted to trade developments; they are linked to the REERs. We present and analyze gross measures such as exports to the gross domestic product (GDP) ratio, external exports, export/import ratio, the share of EMU country exports in world exports and the role of high-tech trade. Section 4 deals with the shifts in labor force performance and section 5 is devoted to the most comprehensive measures which are GDP and gross national income (GNI) developments. The paper closes with conclusions

Does scoliosis-specific exercise treatment in adolescence alter adult quality of life?

Objective. Health-related quality of life in adults, who in adolescence participated in a scoliosis-specific exercise program, was not previously studied. Design. Cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection. Material and Methods. Homogenous groups of 68 persons (43 women) aged 30.10 (25–39) years, with mild or moderate scoliosis, and 76 (38 women) able-bodied persons, aged 30.11 (24–38) years, who 16.5 (12–26) years earlier had completed scoliosis-specific exercise or observation regimes, participated. Their respiratory characteristics did not differ from predicted values. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, and pain scale (VAS) were applied. Results. The transformed WHOQOL-BREF scores ranged from 54.6 ± 11.19 in the physical domain in the mild scoliotic subgroup to 77.1 ± 16.05 in the social domain in the able-bodied subgroup. The ODQ values did not generally exceed 5.3 ± 7.53. Inter- and intragroup differences were nonsignificant. Age, marital status, education, and gender were significantly associated with the ODQ scores. Significant association between the ODQ and WHOQOL-BREF social relationships domain scores with the participation in exercise treatment was found. Conclusions. Participants with the history of exercise treatment generally did not differ significantly from their peers who were only under observation. This study cannot conclude that scoliosis-specific exercise treatment in adolescence alters quality of life in adulthood

Elderly patients treatment with non-small-cell lung cancer

W Polsce rak płuca jest najczęstszą przyczyną zgonów z powodu nowotworów złośliwych. W zdecydowanejwiększości (80–85%) rozpoznawany jest niedrobnokomórkowy rak płuca (NDRP). Podczas podejmowaniadecyzji o leczeniu — oprócz klasycznych czynników prognostycznych (stan sprawności fizycznej, stopieńzaawansowania klinicznego, stopień utraty masy ciała) — u chorych starszych należy wziąć pod uwagęczynniki dodatkowe. Należą do nich: choroby współwystępujące, stan czynnościowy i mentalny, sprawnośćpod względem funkcji poznawczych, stan odżywienia i zapotrzebowanie na pomoc socjalną. Sąto elementy tak zwanej całościowej oceny geriatrycznej i mogą one wpływać na czas przeżycia chorychna NDRP. W pracy przedstawiono poszczególne metody leczenia NDRP w aspekcie wieku chorego.Lung cancer is the most common cause of death from malignant neoplasms. Non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) is diagnosed in the vast majority (80–85%) of patients. When treatment decisions are beingmade — in addition to classical prognostic factors (performance status, clinical stage or weight loss)— in elderly patients additional factors should be considered. These include co-morbidities, functionalstatus, mental status, cognitive status, nutritional status and demand for social assistance. These areknown elements for comprehensive geriatric assessment and may affect survival of patients with NSCLC.The paper presents various methods of treatment non-small-cell lung cancer in terms of patient’s age

Choosing optimal rapid manufacturing process for thin-walled products using expert algorithm

Choosing right Rapid Prototyping technology is not easy, especially for companies inexperienced with that group of manufacturing techniques. Paper summarizes research focused on creating an algorithm for expert system, helping to choose optimal process and determine its parameters for thin-walled products rapid manufacturing. Research was based upon trial manufacturing of different thin-walled items using various RP technologies. Products were categorized, each category was defined by a set of requirements. Basing on research outcome, main algorithm has been created. Next step was developing detailed algorithms for optimizing particular methods. Implementation of these algorithms brings huge benefit for recipients, including cost reduction, supply time decrease and improvements in information flow.Peer Reviewe