Influence of Bologna Process on the Academic Mobility of Students in the Siberian Universities

In the article the change students mobility level after the entry of Russia in Bologna Process is considered. The difficulties of the Russian higher education in the organization of the academic exchange of students—geographical remoteness of universities of Siberia from the intellectual centers of Europe and Russia are investigated.In this article we will pay special attention to the proceeding mobility of programs. Students of universities of the city of Novosibirsk are the object of the research. To study their mobility the data from Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management was used. Method of a research was induction, to study mass behavior of students on the example of one organization introduction was used as a method of a research. Also we used analysis, synthesis, mathematical modeling. For descriptive reasons we constructed schedules and charts

Calcium phosphate nanoparticles as carriers of nucleic acids

The main purpose of this study was to apply calcium phosphate nanoparticles as carriers for nucleic acids into different cell systems to test their transfection properties and influence on cells. First, we performed an easy and straightforward synthesis of calcium phosphate nanoparticles partially or completely substituted by magnesium or aluminum. However, although these nanoparticles were much smaller than the pure calcium phosphate nanoparticles, they did not prove to be very efficient for the delivery of nucleic acids. In order to test the toxicity of the system we monitored the intracellular calcium level by using of radioactive 45Ca-marked nanoparticles and the calcium dye Fura-2. Our nanoparticulate delivery system proved to be nontoxic to the cells compared to other delivery systems (the commercial agent Polyfect® and the standard calcium-based method). Nanoparticles also did not lead to the disturbances of the intracellular calcium level which, otherwise, could be lethal for cells. In the next steps we functionalized the calcium phosphate nanoparticles with different oligonucleotides and tested them on cell culture for the gene silencing activity. The nanoparticles functionalized with siRNA were far more effective than Polyfect® and still nontoxic. The nanoparticles functionalized with shRNA effectively inhibited the synthesis of osteopontin and osteocalcin when also embedded into polyelectrolyte multilayers. This also allows the localized application of gene silencing. We functionalized the nanoparticles with the oligonucleotides which are able to mimic the microbial antigens, thus activating the immune system and breaking the innate tolerance of the organism. We used CpG oligonucleotides for the activation of the dendritic cells which leads to the synthesis of IL-12 and presumably other signaling molecules. We performed localized transfection experiments via deposition of the nanoparticles on metal substrates. In this case we could achieve high transfection efficiency and a local direct application. Thus, we showed that the synthesis of calcium phosphate nanoprecipitates and their subsequent functionalization is possible. Such system was effectively used as a carrier for DNA and RNAs into the different cell cultures and proved to be effective and nontoxic for cells

In vivo performance of novel soybean/gelatin-based bioactive and injectable hydroxyapatite foams

Major limitations of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are their relatively slow degradation rate and the lack of macropores allowing the ingrowth of bone tissue. The development of self-setting cement foams has been proposed as a suitable strategy to overcome these limitations. In previous work we developed a gelatine-based hydroxyapatite foam (G-foam), which exhibited good injectability and cohesion, interconnected porosity and good biocompatibility in vitro. In the present study we evaluated the in vivo performance of the G-foam. Furthermore, we investigated whether enrichment of the foam with soybean extract (SG-foam) increased its bioactivity. G-foam, SG-foam and non-foamed CPC were implanted in a critical-size bone defect in the distal femoral condyle of New Zealand white rabbits. Bone formation and degradation of the materials were investigated after 4, 12 and 20 weeks using histological and biomechanical methods. The foams maintained their macroporosity after injection and setting in vivo. Compared to non-foamed CPC, cellular degradation of the foams was considerably increased and accompanied by new bone formation. The additional functionalization with soybean extract in the SG-foam slightly reduced the degradation rate and positively influenced bone formation in the defect. Furthermore, both foams exhibited excellent biocompatibility, implying that these novel materials may be promising for clinical application in non-loaded bone defects. (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

A Strategy for Resolving Europe\u27s Problem Loans

This discussion note uses a new survey of European country authorities and banks to examine the structural obstacles that discourage banks from addressing their problem loans. A three pillared strategy is advocated to remedy the situation, comprising: (i) tightened supervisory policies, (ii) insolvency reforms, and (iii) the development of distressed debt market

International Academic Conference Central and Eastern Europe in the International Politics of the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries 7–8 November 2022, Kraków

Słowo wstępne: "Oddajemy w Państwa ręce księgę abstraktów międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej „Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia w polityce międzynarodowej XX i XXI wieku”, która w dniach 7–8 listopada 2022 r. gromadzi w murach Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego doświadczonych badawczy, doktorantów i studentów z Polski i zagranicy. Konferencja została zorganizowana przez Katedrę Stosunków Międzynarodowych Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego we współpracy z Instytutem Historii i Archiwistyki Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego im. KEN w Krakowie (współorganizator). Partnerami naukowymi są Instytut Historyczny Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego (organizator pierwszej części konferencji, przeprowadzonej w dniu 26 maja 2022 r.), Katedra Badań nad Obszarem Eurazjatyckim Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie oraz Instytut Zachodni im. Zygmunta Wojciechowskiego. Celem konferencji jest wniesienie wkładu w dyskusję naukową o historycznych doświadczeniach państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej oraz współczesnych wyzwaniach i zagrożeniach, z którymi są konfrontowane rządy i społeczeństwa państw tego regionu."(...)Patronat honorowy Prof. KAAFM dr Klemens Budzowski – Rektor Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego Oddział Krakowski Polskiego Towarzystwa Studiów Europejskic

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

CONSISTENCY IN ASSESSING PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY ACCORDING TO REGIONAL AND SPECIALIZED CENTILE SCALES: A POPULATION-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUD

Background. Children with infantile cerebral palsy (ICP) often have a physical developmental delay due to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). The assessment of such abnormalities using different centile scales may lead to inconsistent results.Objective. Our aim was to study the consistency in assessing physical development of children with ICP using regional and specialized centile scales.Methods. The assessment of physical development with determination of the proportion of patients with PEM (weight-age and/or heightage values < 10th percentile) was carried out using regional centile scales and the Life Expectancy Project scales taking into account motor disorder levels (I–V) according to GMFCS. The assessment of motor disorders was performed by neurologists of healthcare organizations in 54 municipalities of the Sverdlovsk Region. The accounting period was from September 2016 to January 2017.Results. According to regional centile scales, PEM was identified in 272 (35.7%) children; according to the Life Expectancy Project scales — in 56 (7.4%) out of 761 children with ICP (McNemar's criterion, p < 0.001). Using regional scales the following results were registered: children with GMFCS I had PEM 5 times less than children with GMFCS V — 10 (12.5%) and 107 (66%) cases, respectively (ꭓ2 criterion, p < 0.001). When assessing physical development of children with specialized scales, PEM occurred in 4 (5%) patients with GMFCS I and 18 (11.1%) with GMFCS V (p < 0.001).Conclusion. Specialized scales for assessing physical development less often indicate the presence of PEM in children with ICP. When using regional and to a much lesser extent specialized centile scales, the detection rate for PEM cases depends on the level of motor disorders

Towards a Knowledge Graph for Science

The document-centric workflows in science have reached (or already exceeded) the limits of adequacy. This is emphasized by recent discussions on the increasing proliferation of scientific literature and the reproducibility crisis. This presents an opportunity to rethink the dominant paradigm of document-centric scholarly information communication and transform it into knowledge-based information flows by representing and expressing information through semantically rich, interlinked knowledge graphs. At the core of knowledge-based information flows is the creation and evolution of information models that establish a common understanding of information communicated between stakeholders as well as the integration of these technologies into the infrastructure and processes of search and information exchange in the research library of the future. By integrating these models into existing and new research infrastructure services, the information structures that are currently still implicit and deeply hidden in documents can be made explicit and directly usable. This has the potential to revolutionize scientific work as information and research results can be seamlessly interlinked with each other and better matched to complex information needs. Furthermore, research results become directly comparable and easier to reuse. As our main contribution, we propose the vision of a knowledge graph for science, present a possible infrastructure for such a knowledge graph as well as our early attempts towards an implementation of the infrastructure

Planetary Health Report Card: The University of Utah School of Medicine. 2020-2021

Repor

Use of Infant Formulas in Obstetric Hospitals

The results of a questionnaire survey of mothers on the use of infant formulas at the obstetric hospital have been presented. Possible ways to improve the situation with the use of infant formulas in term infants at the obstetric hospital have been discussed. A high frequency of the use of formulas in healthy newborns at the obstetric hospital as well as the practice of issuing formulas as a gift on discharge from the obstetric hospital have been revealed. The literature data has been given on the negative effect of both unreasonable use of formulas and the issuance of formulas as a gift on discharge on the preservation of breastfeeding. It is expected that restricting the distribution of milk formulas without proper indications will lead to an increase in the prevalence of breastfeeding