Assessing Change In High School Student Information Literacy Using The Tool For Real-Time Assessment Of Information Literacy Skills

Change in high school student information literacy (IL) knowledge and skills, from freshman year to senior year in high school was the focus of this quasi-experimental research project. Researchers used a free information literacy skills assessment tool entitled TRAILS (Tool for Real-time Assessment of Information Literacy Skills) to measure student IL skills. A total of 201 high school students participated in the study. Paired samples t-test results were mixed for specific TRAILS sub-categories, however, the senior mean for the total TRAILS assessment was significantly higher than the mean the participants earned on the total TRAILS assessment when they were freshman. Cohen’s d effect size was 0.61. The significance of the information literacy curriculum is discussed in light of these findings

Study of the efficiency of profile subjects taught to students of the dental faculty from the first semester of the first year

The purpose of the study is to find out the differences in knowledge and attitude to oral hygiene among the first and second–year students as well as fourth and fifth-year students of USMU Faculty of Dentistry to assess the effectiveness of teaching junior students the profile subjects.Цель исследования – выявление отличий в знаниях и отношении к гигиене полости рта между студентами 1–2 и 4–5 курсов стоматологического факультета УГМУ для оценки эффективности обучения студентов 1–2 курсов профильным предметам

Glycolysis Upregulation Is Neuroprotective As A Compensatory Mechanism In Als

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder, with TDP-43 inclusions as a major pathological hallmark. Using a Drosophila model of TDP-43 proteinopathy we found significant alterations in glucose metabolism including increased pyruvate, suggesting that modulating glycolysis may be neuroprotective. Indeed, a high sugar diet improves locomotor and lifespan defects caused by TDP-43 proteinopathy in motor neurons or glia, but not muscle, suggesting that metabolic dysregulation occurs in the nervous system. Overexpressing human glucose transporter GLUT-3 in motor neurons mitigates TDP-43 dependent defects in synaptic vesicle recycling and improves locomotion. Furthermore, PFK mRNA, a key indicator of glycolysis, is upregulated in flies and patient derived iPSC motor neurons with TDP-43 pathology. Surprisingly, PFK overexpression rescues TDP-43 induced locomotor deficits. These findings from multiple ALS models show that mechanistically, glycolysis is upregulated in degenerating motor neurons as a compensatory mechanism and suggest that increased glucose availability is protective

Fasting increases susceptibility to acute myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury through a sirtuin-3 mediated increase in fatty acid oxidation.

Fasting increases susceptibility to acute myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) but the mechanisms are unknown. Here, we investigate the role of the mitochondrial NAD+-dependent deacetylase, Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), which has been shown to influence fatty acid oxidation and cardiac outcomes, as a potential mediator of this effect. Fasting was shown to shift metabolism from glucose towards fatty acid oxidation. This change in metabolic fuel substrate utilisation increased myocardial infarct size in wild-type (WT), but not SIRT3 heterozygous knock-out (KO) mice. Further analysis revealed SIRT3 KO mice were better adapted to starvation through an improved cardiac efficiency, thus protecting them from acute myocardial IRI. Mitochondria from SIRT3 KO mice were hyperacetylated compared to WT mice which may regulate key metabolic processes controlling glucose and fatty acid utilisation in the heart. Fasting and the associated metabolic switch to fatty acid respiration worsens outcomes in WT hearts, whilst hearts from SIRT3 KO mice are better adapted to oxidising fatty acids, thereby protecting them from acute myocardial IRI

Comparison of advanced gravitational-wave detectors

We compare two advanced designs for gravitational-wave antennas in terms of their ability to detect two possible gravitational wave sources. Spherical, resonant mass antennas and interferometers incorporating resonant sideband extraction (RSE) were modeled using experimentally measurable parameters. The signal-to-noise ratio of each detector for a binary neutron star system and a rapidly rotating stellar core were calculated. For a range of plausible parameters we found that the advanced LIGO interferometer incorporating RSE gave higher signal-to-noise ratios than a spherical detector resonant at the same frequency for both sources. Spheres were found to be sensitive to these sources at distances beyond our galaxy. Interferometers were sensitive to these sources at far enough distances that several events per year would be expected

Принципы хирургического лечения рецидивных грыж пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы (обзор литературы)

Recurrent hiatal hernia is the re-displacement of the abdominal organs into the chest after surgical treatment. Indications for repeated surgical interventions for this pathology are resistant to medical correction gastroesophageal reflux or anatomical disorders, bearing the risk of developing life-threatening conditions. The key task of revision interventions is to identify and address the causes of the failure of the primary operation. The main factors of the recurrence of hernias of this localization are the large size of the hiatal opening, the mechanical weakness of the legs of the diaphragm and the shortening of the esophagus. To increase the reliability of the esophageal aperture plasty in the surgical treatment of recurrent hiatal hernias, prosthetic materials are widely used. When the esophagus is shortened, it is possible to increase its length by creating a gastric stalk (gastroplasty) or fixing the stomach to the anterior abdominal wall (gastropexy). The disadvantage of both methods is the occurring functional impairment. An alternative approach is the formation of a fundoplication wrap in the chest with the closure of the esophageal opening only with its own tissues. To eliminate or prevent the development of gastroesophageal reflux, antireflux reconstruction is an essential component of operations for recurrent hiatal hernias. The option of fundoplication is selected in accordance with the contractility of the esophagus. With normokinesia, circular fundoplication was preferred, with impaired motor skills – free reconstructions.Под рецидивными грыжами пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы понимают любые варианты повторного смещения органов брюшной полости в грудную клетку после хирургического лечения. Показаниями к повторным оперативным вмешательствам при данной патологии являются не поддающийся медикаментозной коррекции гастроэзофагеальный рефлюкс или анатомические нарушения, несущие риск развития угрожающих жизни состояний. Ключевая задача ревизионных вмешательств заключается в выявлении и устранении причин неудачного исхода первичной операции. Основными факторами повторного возникновения грыж данной локализации являются большие размеры хиатального отверстия, механическая слабость ножек диафрагмы и укорочение пищевода. Для повышения надежности пластики пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы при хирургическом лечении рецидивных хиатальных грыж широко используются протезирующие материалы. При укорочении пищевода возможно увеличение его длины созданием желудочного стебля (гастропластика), фиксация желудка к передней брюшной стенке (гастропексия). Недостатком обеих методик являются возникающие функциональные нарушения. Альтернативный подход – формирование фундопликационной манжеты в грудной клетке с закрытием пищеводного отверстия только собственными тканями. Для устранения или профилактики развития желудочно-пищеводного заброса обязательным компонентом операций при рецидивных хиатальных грыжах является антирефлюксная реконструкция. Вариант фундопликации выбирается в соответствии с сократительной способностью пищевода. При нормокинезии предпочтительны циркулярные фундопликации, при нарушениях моторики – свободные реконструкции

Upper limits on the strength of periodic gravitational waves from PSR J1939+2134

The first science run of the LIGO and GEO gravitational wave detectors presented the opportunity to test methods of searching for gravitational waves from known pulsars. Here we present new direct upper limits on the strength of waves from the pulsar PSR J1939+2134 using two independent analysis methods, one in the frequency domain using frequentist statistics and one in the time domain using Bayesian inference. Both methods show that the strain amplitude at Earth from this pulsar is less than a few times $10^{-22}$.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the Proceedings of the 5th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves, Tirrenia, Pisa, Italy, 6-11 July 200

Searching for gravitational waves from known pulsars

We present upper limits on the amplitude of gravitational waves from 28 isolated pulsars using data from the second science run of LIGO. The results are also expressed as a constraint on the pulsars' equatorial ellipticities. We discuss a new way of presenting such ellipticity upper limits that takes account of the uncertainties of the pulsar moment of inertia. We also extend our previous method to search for known pulsars in binary systems, of which there are about 80 in the sensitive frequency range of LIGO and GEO 600.Comment: Accepted by CQG for the proceeding of GWDAW9, 7 pages, 2 figure