1,592 research outputs found
Nonsequential Double Recombination in Intense Laser Fields
A second plateau in the harmonic spectra of laser-driven two-electron atoms
is observed both in the numerical solution of a low-dimensional model helium
atom and using an extended strong field approximation. It is shown that the
harmonics well beyond the usual cut-off are due to the simultaneous
recombination of the two electrons, which were emitted during different,
previous half-cycles. The new cut-off is explained in terms of classical
trajectories. Classical predictions and the time-frequency analysis of the ab
initio quantum results are in excellent agreement. The mechanism corresponds to
the inverse single photon double ionization process in the presence of a (low
frequency) laser field.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX, v2 with an extended strong field approximation
treatment of the process; instead, v1 describes an attosecond control scheme
to enhance the proces
Discrete element model for brittle materials
We adopt the discrete element method (DEM) to study the fracture behavior of brittle materials. We propose an approach which relates crack initiation to crack growth. The material consists of a set of particles in contact, which allows us to derive an expression for the stress intensity factor as a function of the contact forces and displacements. A classical failure criterion, based on the material’s toughness, is then adopted for the analysis of crack propagation, represented by the loss of cohesion forces between particles. Afterwards, we apply our discrete criterion to uncracked materials under homogenous stress conditions, obtaining a Rankine like behavior. The work results in a simple discrete model which is totally compatible to continuum mechanics, where no calibration tests are required, in contrast to most of discrete approaches
Relativistic and retardation effects in the two--photon ionization of hydrogen--like ions
The non-resonant two-photon ionization of hydrogen-like ions is studied in
second-order perturbation theory, based on the Dirac equation. To carry out the
summation over the complete Coulomb spectrum, a Green function approach has
been applied to the computation of the ionization cross sections. Exact
second-order relativistic cross sections are compared with data as obtained
from a relativistic long-wavelength approximation as well as from the scaling
of non-relativistic results. For high-Z ions, the relativistic wavefunction
contraction may lower the two-photon ionization cross sections by a factor of
two or more, while retardation effects appear less pronounced but still give
rise to non-negligible contributions.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
Enhancement of Josephson phase diffusion by microwaves
We report an experimental and theoretical study of the phase diffusion in
small Josephson junctions under microwave irradiation. A peculiar enhancement
of the phase diffusion by microwaves is observed. The enhancement manifests
itself by a pronounced current peak in the current-voltage characteristics. The
voltage position of the peak increases with the power of
microwave radiation as , while its current amplitude
weakly decreases with . As the microwave frequency increases, the peak
feature evolves into Shapiro steps with finite slope. Our theoretical analysis
taking into account the enhancement of incoherent superconducting current by
multi-photon absorption is in good agreement with experimental data.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
The 'Fast' and 'Slow' Light Induced Defects in Diluted and Undiluted Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells and Materials
International audienceStudies have been carried out on a-Si:H p-in solar cells and corresponding i-layer films fabricated with and without hydrogen dilution for kinetics with high intensity and 1 sun illuminations. The results show a striking similarity between the kinetics in the fill factors (FF) of the p-in solar cells and the mobility lifetime (µτ) products of the corresponding i layer films. New results are presented on thermal annealing after 10 sun degradation which further substantiate the presence of fast and slow defects in the light induced changes of a-Si:H materials, as do the degradation kinetics of both cells and films under 1 sun illumination to their degraded steady states (DSS). Initial (fast) and subsequent (slow) regimes approaching DSS are present at temperatures between 25°C and 100°C, with the two regimes having distinctly different dependences on temperature. The DSS in the films and cells improve monotonically with temperature whereas the initial regimes show a clear reversal in their temperature dependence between 40°C and 50°C. The inability to express these results of 1 sun kinetics with rate equations containing only single time constants for creation and annealing provides further evidence that more than one defect is responsible for light induced degradation in a-Si:H materials and solar cells
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