3,362 research outputs found
Equilibrium and out of equilibrium thermodynamics in supercooled liquids and glasses
We review the inherent structure thermodynamical formalism and the
formulation of an equation of state for liquids in equilibrium based on the
(volume) derivatives of the statistical properties of the potential energy
surface. We also show that, under the hypothesis that during aging the system
explores states associated to equilibrium configurations, it is possible to
generalize the proposed equation of state to out-of-equilibrium conditions. The
proposed formulation is based on the introduction of one additional parameter
which, in the chosen thermodynamic formalism, can be chosen as the local minima
where the slowly relaxing out-of-equilibrium liquid is trapped.Comment: 7 pages, 4 eps figure
Group authorship, an excellent opportunity laced with ethical, legal and technical challenges
Group authorship (also known as corporate authorship, team authorship, consortium authorship) refers to attribution practices that use the name of a collective (be it team, group, project, corporation, or consortium) in the authorship byline. Data shows that group authorships are on the rise but thus far, in scholarly discussions about authorship, they have not gained much specific attention. Group authorship can minimize tensions within the group about authorship order and the criteria used for inclusion/exclusion of individual authors. However, current use of group authorships has drawbacks, such as ethical challenges associated with the attribution of credit and responsibilities, legal challenges regarding how copyrights are handled, and technical challenges related to the lack of persistent identifiers (PIDs), such as ORCID, for groups. We offer two recommendations: 1) Journals should develop and share context-specific and unambiguous guidelines for group authorship, for which they can use the four baseline requirements offered in this paper; 2) Using persistent identifiers for groups and consistent reporting of members’ contributions should be facilitated through devising PIDs for groups and linking these to the ORCIDs of their individual contributors and the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) of the published item.</p
Study protocol of cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of a biopsychosocial multidisciplinary intervention in the evolution of non-specific sub-acute low back pain in the working population: cluster randomised trial.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Background: Low back pain (LBP), with high incidence and prevalence rate, is one of the most common reasons to consult the health system and is responsible for a significant amount of sick leave, leading to high health and social costs. The objective of the study is to assess the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis of a multidisciplinary biopsychosocial educational group intervention (MBEGI) of non-specific sub-acute LBP in comparison with the usual care in the working population recruited in primary healthcare centres. Methods/design:
The study design is a cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis of a MBEGI in comparison with the usual care of non-specific sub-acute LBP.Measures on effectiveness and costs of both interventions will be obtained from a cluster randomised controlled clinical trial carried out in 38 Catalan primary health care centres, enrolling 932 patients between 18 and 65 years old with a diagnosis of non-specific sub-acute LBP. Effectiveness measures are: pharmaceutical treatments, work sick leave (% and duration in days), Roland Morris disability, McGill pain intensity, Fear Avoidance Beliefs (FAB) and Golberg Questionnaires. Utility measures will be calculated from the SF-12. The analysis will be performed from a social perspective. The temporal horizon is at 3 months (change to chronic LBP) and 12 months (evaluate the outcomes at long term. Assessment of outcomes will be blinded and will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: We hope to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of MBEGI, see an improvement in the patients' quality of life, achieve a reduction in the duration of episodes and the chronicity of non-specific low back pain, and be able to report a decrease in the social costs. If the intervention is cost-effectiveness and cost-utility, it could be applied to Primary Health Care Centres. Trial registration:
ISRCTN: ISRCTN5871969
A multi-color and Fourier study of RR Lyrae variables in the globular cluster NGC 5272 (M3)
We have performed a detailed study of the pulsational and evolutionary
characteristics of 133 RR Lyrae stars in the globular cluster NGC5272 (M3)
using highly accurate BVI data taken on 5 separate epochs. M3 seems to contain
no less than ~32% of Blazhko stars, and the occurrence and characteristics of
the Blazhko effect have been analyzed in detail. We have identified a good
number (~ 14%) of overluminous RR Lyrae stars that are likely in a more
advanced evolutionary stage off the Zero Age Horizontal Branch (ZAHB). Physical
parameters (i.e. temperature, luminosity, mass) have been derived from (B--V)
colors and accurate color-temperature calibration, and compared with Horizontal
Branch evolutionary models and with the requirements of stellar pulsation
theory. Additional analysis by means of Fourier decomposition of the V light
curves confirms, as expected, that no metallicity spread is present in M3.
Evolution off the ZAHB does not affect [Fe/H] determinations, whereas Blazhko
stars at low amplitude phase do affect [Fe/H] distributions as they appear more
metal-rich. Absolute magnitudes derived from Fourier coefficients might provide
useful average estimates for groups of stars, if applicable, but do not give
reliable {\em individual} values. Intrinsic colors derived from Fourier
coefficients show significant discrepancies with the observed ones, hence the
resulting temperatures and temperature-related parameters are unreliable.Comment: 86 pages, 19 figures, 13 tables, in press A
Beat Cepheids as Probes of Stellar and Galactic Metallicity
The mere location of a Beat Cepheid model in a Period Ratio vs. Period
diagram (Petersen diagram) puts very tight constraints on its metallicity Z.
The Beat Cepheid Peterson diagrams are revisited with linear nonadiabatic
turbulent convective models, and their accuracy as a probe for stellar
metallicity is evaluated. They are shown to be largely independent of the
helium content Y, and they are also only weakly dependent on the
mass-luminosity relation that is used in their construction. However, they are
found to show sensitivity to the relative abundances of the elements that are
lumped into the metallicity parameter Z. Rotation is estimated to have but a
small effect on the 'pulsation metallicities'. A composite Petersen diagram is
presented that allows one to read off upper and lower limits on the metallicity
Z from the measured period P0 and period ratio P1/P0.Comment: 9 pages, 12 color figures (black and white version available from 1st
author's website). With minor revisions. to appear in Ap
The MACHO Project LMC Variable Star Inventory. IX. Frequency Analysis of the First Overtone RR Lyrae Stars and the Indication for Nonradial Pulsations
More than 1300 variables classified provisionally as first overtone RR Lyrae
pulsators in the MACHO variable star database of the Large Magellanic Cloud
(LMC) have been subjected to standard frequency analysis. Based on the remnant
power in the prewhitened spectra, we found 70% of the total population to be
monoperiodic. The remaining 30% (411 stars) are classified as one of 9 types
according to their frequency spectra. Several types of RR Lyrae pulsational
behavior are clearly identified here for the first time. Together with the
earlier discovered double-mode (fundamental & first overtone) variables this
study increased the number of the known double-mode stars in the LMC to 181.
During the total 6.5yr time span of the data, 10% of the stars show strong
period changes. We also discovered two additional types of multifrequency
pulsators with low occurrence rates of 2% for each. In the first type there
remains one closely spaced component after prewhitening by the main pulsation
frequency. In the second type the number of remnant components is two, they are
also closely spaced, and, in addition, they are symmetric in their frequency
spacing relative to the central component. This latter type of variables is
associated with their relatives among the fundamental pulsators, known as
Blazhko variables. Their high frequency (~20%) among the fundamental mode
variables versus the low occurrence rate of their first overtone counterparts
makes it more difficult to explain Blazhko phenomenon by any theory depending
mainly on the role of aspect angle or magnetic field. Current theoretical
models invoke nonradial pulsation components in these stars.Comment: 20 pages, 21 figures (bitmapped), 7 tables, to appear in Ap.
Feasibility of single-order parameter description of equilibrium viscous liquid dynamics
Molecular dynamics results for the dynamic Prigogine-Defay ratio are
presented for two glass-forming liquids, thus evaluating the experimentally
relevant quantity for testing whether metastable-equilibrium liquid dynamics to
a good approximation are described by a single parameter. For the Kob-Andersen
binary Lennard-Jones mixture as well as for an asymmetric dumbbell model liquid
a single-parameter description works quite well. This is confirmed by
time-domain results where it is found that energy and pressure fluctuations are
strongly correlated on the alpha-time scale in the NVT ensemble; in the NpT
ensemble energy and volume fluctuations similarly correlate strongly.Comment: Phys. Rev. E, in pres
Towards a tensionless string field theory for the N=(2,0) CFT in d=6
We describe progress in using the field theory of tensionless strings to
arrive at a Lagrangian for the six-dimensional conformal
theory. We construct the free part of the theory and propose an ansatz for the
cubic vertex in light-cone superspace. By requiring closure of the
supersymmetry algebra, we fix the cubic vertex up to two parameters.Comment: 46 pages, 2 figures. V2: references added; minor changes and
improvement
Monopole characteristics in various Abelian gauges
Renormalization group (RG) smoothing is employed on the lattice to
investigate and to compare the monopole structure of the SU(2) vacuum as seen
in different gauges (maximally Abelian (MAG), Polyakov loop (PG) and Laplacian
gauge (LG)). Physically relevant types of monopoles (LG and MAG) are
distinguished by their behavior near the deconfining phase transition. For the
LG, Abelian projection reproduces well the gauge independent monopole structure
encoded in an auxiliary Higgs field. Density and localization properties of
monopoles, their non-Abelian action and topological charge are studied. Results
are presented confirming the Abelian dominance with respect to the
non-perturbative static potential for all gauges considered.Comment: 36 pages, 12 figure
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