Rezultati rendgenološkog praćenja displazije kukova u pasmine tornjak

The aim of this retrospective study was to show the prevalence of hip dysplasia (HD) in the indigenous dog breed Bosnian and Herzegovinian - Croatian Shepherd Dog (Tornjak) in the period from 2001 to 2016. A total of 735 radiographs were evaluated according to the FCI protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 13.5.0.17. (TIBCO Software Inc.) software. Significant differences between categorical variables were analysed using the Chi-square test. The median value of age of examined dogs was 18 (13.8-26.0) months, with majority of dogs (523) under 24 months. In the overall examined population 74.97% of hip radiographs were interpreted as healthy (grades A and B) and 25.03% were interpreted as dysplastic (grades C, D and E). In dogs under 24 months of age, the most common age for HD survey, 76.86 % was interpreted as healthy and 23.14% as dysplastic. Comparing the frequency of diagnosed HD according to the breeding licence during the 15 years period there was a statistically significant increase in dogs with HD grades A, B, C, D and a decrease in dogs with grade HD E restricted for further breeding (P<0.05). Comparison of frequency according to the FCI standards (AB vs. CDE) showed no significant difference. The present study shows that the prevalence of HD was reduced over the 15 year period in Tornjak breed.Cilj ovog retrospektivnog istraživanja bio je pokazati prevalenciju displazije kuka (HD) u autohtonie pasmine pasa tornjak u razdoblju od 2001. do 2016. Ukupno je 735 rendgenograma procijenjeno prema FCI protokolu. Statistička analiza provedena je pomoću programa Statistice 13.5.0.17. (TIBCO Software Inc.) Znakovite razlike između kategorija analizirane su pomoću Hi-kvadrat testa. Medijan vrijednosti dobi pregledanih pasa bio je 18 (13,8-26,0) mjeseci, a većina pasa (523) mlađa od 24 mjeseca. U ukupnoj ispitanoj populaciji 74,97% rendgenograma kukova protumačeno je kao zdravo (stupnjevi A i B), a 25,03% kao displastično (stupnjevi C, D i E). U pasa mlađih od 24 mjeseca, što je najčešća dob za pretragu na displaziju, 76,86% protumačeno je kao zdravo, a 23,14% kao displastično. Uspoređujući učestalost dijagnosticirane HD prema uzojnojj dozvoli tijekom 15-godišnjeg razdoblja, zabilježen je statistički znakovit porast pasa s HD ocjenama A, B, C, D i smanjenje pasa s ocjenom HD E ograničeno za daljnji uzgoj (P < 0,05). Usporedba učestalosti prema FCI standardima (AB naspram CDE) nije pokazala znakovitu razliku. Ukupni rezultat pokazuje smanjenje težeg HD stupnja (D, E) među ispitivanom populacijom

Treatment of dogs with thoracolumbar syndrome

Bolest međukralježničnog diska čest je uzrok ozljede leđne moždine i motorne disfunkcije te se najčešće javlja u grudno-slabinskom segmentu kralježnice. Retrospektivnim istraživanjem u razdoblju od sedam godina obuhvaćena su 104 slučaja pasa s grudno-slabinskim (GS) sindromom liječenih na Klinici za kirurgiju, ortopediju i oftalmologiju Veterinarskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Većina pasa imala je akutnu kliničku sliku s visokim stupnjem neurološkog deficita. Francuski buldog bio je najčešći hondrodistrofični tip pasmine u koje se javljao GS sindrom dok je njemački ovčar bio najbrojniji u nehondrodistrofičnom tipu pasmine. GS sindrom u većem broju javljao se u muških jedinki. Ekstruzija diska u oba tipa pasmine javljala se u području T12-T13 i T13-L1 međukralježničnog prostora. Podatci o oporavku poznati su za 61,53 % pacijenata od čega je 70,44 % pacijenata postiglo zadovoljavajući oporavak. Nad svim pacijentima u provedenom istraživanju kao operacijska tehnika koristila se bilateralna mini hemilaminektomija izvedena od strane istog operatera. U 30 % pacijenata neovisno o nalazu mijelografije, materijal diska uočen je s obje strane međukralježničnog prostora zbog čega je opravdano razmotriti primjenu bilateralne mini-hemilaminektomije kao metodu izbora pri liječenju pasa s GS sindromom. Ovi rezultati će koristiti u budućim istraživanjima GS sindroma te će doprinijeti u njegovoj dijagnostici i liječenju.Degenerative intervertebral disc disease is the most common neurological disorder affecting the canine thoracolumbar spine. The clinical records of 104 dogs with thoracolumbar disc disease treated by decompressive surgery at the Clinic of Surgery, Orthopaedics and Ophthalmology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb during a seven-year period (January 2011 through July 2018) were reviewed. The aim of this study was to compare the chondrodystrophic and nonchondodystrophic type according to breed, sex, age, body weight, extruded disc material site, neurological deficiency and operative findings. Most dogs had an acute clinical picture with a high degree of neurological deficiency. The French Bulldog breed was the most common chondrodystrophic type of breed for thoracolumbar syndrome, while the German Shepherd was the most non-chondrodystrophic type of breed. Thoracolumbar syndrome was more common in males. Disk extrusion in both types of breeds appeared in the T12-T13 and T13-L1 intervertebral space. Recovery data is known for 61.53% of patients, of which 70.44% of patients achieved successful recovery. All dogs were treated by bilateral minihemilaminectomy by the same surgeon. In 30% of patients, irrespective of myelography findings, the disk material was observed on both sides of the intervertebral space, making bilateral mini-hemilaminectomy advisable in the treatment of dogs with breast-syndrome syndrome. These results will be used in future studies of thoracolumbar syndrome, and will also contribute to its diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis and Treatment of Rabbit Oral Cavity Diseases

Bolesti usne šupljine smatraju se najcešcim poremecajima u kunica kucnih ljubimaca. Kunici su dvojezupci koji u gornjoj celjusti imaju iza sjekutica dva rudimentarna zuba, tzv. zaglodnjaka. Nemaju ocnjake, a izmedu sjekutica i pretkutnjaka postoji velika dijastema. Zbog kontinuiranog rasta zubiju kunici su vrlo skloni dentalnim poremecajima. Neadekvatan smještaj i hranidba znacajno utjecu na stecenu bolest zubiju kunica. Najcešca patologija usne šupljine kunica je: malokluzija sjekutica, malokluzija i prerasli pretkutnjaci i kutnjaci, stecena bolest zubiju, apscesi lica, periodontalna patologija te posljedicno opstrukcija nazolakrimalnog kanalica. Vecina klinickih simptoma bolesti zubiju kunica je nespecificna: anoreksija, gubitak tjelesne mase, neuredno krzno, slinjenje te iscjedak iz oka. Pregled usne šupljine može se obaviti bez sedacije, ali za sigurniju dijagnozu je ista potrebna. Takoder, radiološka dijagnostika je neizostavni dio dijagnostike bolesti usne šupljine u kunica. Opca anestezija ponekad je potrebna za skracivanje sjekutica, a uvijek je indicirana za korekciju pretkutnjaka i kutnjaka, ekstrakcije zuba te kiruršku obradu apscesa. Izbor antibiotske terapije najbolje je temeljiti na izdvajanju uzrocnika i antibiogramu. U poslijeoperacijskom periodu važna je adekvatna analgezija, tekucinska terapija, smanjivanje stresa te primjena prokinetika.Dental disease is considered as one of the most common disorders seen in pet rabbits. Rabbits are lagomorphs which have two larger incisors and two rudimentary maxillary incisors (the peg teeth). They have no canine teeth and a long diastema between the incisors and the premolars. Due to the continuous growth of their teeth, rabbits are very susceptible to dental abnormalities. Inappropraite husbandry and diet are associated with several acquired dental problems in pet rabbits. The most common dental problems are incisor overgrowth, premolar and molar overgrowth, acquired dental disease, facial abscesses, periodontal disease and nasolacrimal duct pathology. Many of the signs of dental disease are non-specific: anorexia, weight loss, ptyalism, ocular discharge and facial swelling. An initial dental examination can be carried out in the conscious animal, but the examination under deep sedation or anaesthesia is better choice. Radiography is an essential part of a comprehensive oral examination. General anesthesia is necessary in most cases of tooth-height reduction of incisors, and always for occlusal adjustment of the premolars and molars, teeth extractions or abcess debridment. Appropriate antibiotic treatment should be selected based on aerobic and anaerobic culture and sensitivity. Analgesia, fluids, prokinetics and minimizing stress are very important in postoperative period

Diagnosis and Treatment of Rabbit Oral Cavity Diseases

Bolesti usne šupljine smatraju se najcešcim poremecajima u kunica kucnih ljubimaca. Kunici su dvojezupci koji u gornjoj celjusti imaju iza sjekutica dva rudimentarna zuba, tzv. zaglodnjaka. Nemaju ocnjake, a izmedu sjekutica i pretkutnjaka postoji velika dijastema. Zbog kontinuiranog rasta zubiju kunici su vrlo skloni dentalnim poremecajima. Neadekvatan smještaj i hranidba znacajno utjecu na stecenu bolest zubiju kunica. Najcešca patologija usne šupljine kunica je: malokluzija sjekutica, malokluzija i prerasli pretkutnjaci i kutnjaci, stecena bolest zubiju, apscesi lica, periodontalna patologija te posljedicno opstrukcija nazolakrimalnog kanalica. Vecina klinickih simptoma bolesti zubiju kunica je nespecificna: anoreksija, gubitak tjelesne mase, neuredno krzno, slinjenje te iscjedak iz oka. Pregled usne šupljine može se obaviti bez sedacije, ali za sigurniju dijagnozu je ista potrebna. Takoder, radiološka dijagnostika je neizostavni dio dijagnostike bolesti usne šupljine u kunica. Opca anestezija ponekad je potrebna za skracivanje sjekutica, a uvijek je indicirana za korekciju pretkutnjaka i kutnjaka, ekstrakcije zuba te kiruršku obradu apscesa. Izbor antibiotske terapije najbolje je temeljiti na izdvajanju uzrocnika i antibiogramu. U poslijeoperacijskom periodu važna je adekvatna analgezija, tekucinska terapija, smanjivanje stresa te primjena prokinetika.Dental disease is considered as one of the most common disorders seen in pet rabbits. Rabbits are lagomorphs which have two larger incisors and two rudimentary maxillary incisors (the peg teeth). They have no canine teeth and a long diastema between the incisors and the premolars. Due to the continuous growth of their teeth, rabbits are very susceptible to dental abnormalities. Inappropraite husbandry and diet are associated with several acquired dental problems in pet rabbits. The most common dental problems are incisor overgrowth, premolar and molar overgrowth, acquired dental disease, facial abscesses, periodontal disease and nasolacrimal duct pathology. Many of the signs of dental disease are non-specific: anorexia, weight loss, ptyalism, ocular discharge and facial swelling. An initial dental examination can be carried out in the conscious animal, but the examination under deep sedation or anaesthesia is better choice. Radiography is an essential part of a comprehensive oral examination. General anesthesia is necessary in most cases of tooth-height reduction of incisors, and always for occlusal adjustment of the premolars and molars, teeth extractions or abcess debridment. Appropriate antibiotic treatment should be selected based on aerobic and anaerobic culture and sensitivity. Analgesia, fluids, prokinetics and minimizing stress are very important in postoperative period