CREATION OF EDUCATIONAL MULTIMEDIA COMPLEXES BASED ON MNEMONIC SUPPORTS AND THEIR USE IN TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AT THE PRE-UNIVERSITY STAGE OF EDUCATION

This research is devoted to modern trends in the organization of the educational process. The authors pay special attention to the creation of educational multimedia complexes based on mnemonic supports as a means of organizing the educational process. One of the main objects of consideration is the problem of organizing individual work at the initial stage of teaching Russian to foreign students at the pre-university stage of education. The authors emphasize the need for a close relationship between classroom and independent study and they believe that mnemonic techniques can be an effective means of ensuring the connection of these two forms of students' educational activity on the initial period of study. The article considers the types of mnemonic supports that are of the most interest in the study of any foreign language including Russian as a foreign language. As a result of their methodological work the authors started the creation of a special integrative educational environment for students to achieve a high level of linguistic, communicative and cultural competence. Such an educational environment will help to expand the limits of the language environment, create an individual learning path for each student, and master a large amount of linguistic and extralinguistic information. Currently, experimental work is being carried out with a group of foreign students at the initial level of language proficiency to confirm the theoretical provisions of the study

THE PROBLEM OF TOLERANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN MODERN SOCIETY (LINGUOCULTURAL ASPECT)

The relevance of this article is due to the active processes of interethnic and interreligious relations, expansion of cooperation in various spheres of economy, science, culture and religion that are taking place in the modern world. At present, it is necessary to talk about existence and coexistence of different cultures in modern society, their interaction and mutual influence in our multicultural world. However, intercultural communication can be successful only when communicants realize that each of the participants in the communication is "different". For this reason, the problem of communication between representatives of different countries and peoples is of the utmost importance. Recently an increasing intolerance to the representatives of other religions and cultures, unwillingness to understand and accept their features is beginning to manifest in modern society. Considering these negative phenomena, the formation of tolerant attitudes towards intercultural, interethnic differences is seen as one of the ways out of this situation. The purpose of this study is to determine the range of phenomena included in the zone of acceptance - rejection of Russians and representatives of other linguocultural communities. The authors analyze the use of a set of associative words that make up associative fields connected with the manifestation of tolerant (or intolerant) attitude. They compare the results of different groups of participants of the experiment, point to similarities and differences in relation to certain language concepts, from full or partial coincidence to significant differences. The material of the study is a set of associative series of lexical units associated with the verbal expression of the values of different communities, original codes, concepts of the language. The authors of the article conclude that the experimental data shows many coincidences, but also certain differences in the reactions of informants from different linguocultural communities. These differences, of course, should be considered in the context of intercultural communication with representatives of different cultures and religions, languages and nationalities. In addition, special attention should be given to this problem in linguodidactics, including the methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language

INNOVATIVE EDUCATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MODERN SOCIOCULTURAL ENVIRONMENT. PROJECT ACTIVITY

The article is devoted to the study of the project method in the personality-oriented model of education. Scientists and teachers recognize the main feature of this educational model as the transition "from knowledge to understanding," from the "school of the reproducer to the school of thinking," from working with information to working with meanings. The article reveals the content of the project method as an innovative teaching technology that meets the requirements of new educational standards. The priority goal of modern higher education is to teach students the culture of thinking, the formation of their independent thinking skills, ensuring the universality of the knowledge gained. The ability to analyze material, systematize acquired knowledge, and correctly present them verbally or in writing have been and remain an indispensable component of any educational paradigm. The authors of this study analyze the features of extracurricular work in the form of students' project activities, indicate its advantages. The article describes the joint experience of teachers of the Department of Humanities (Tver State Agricultural Academy, Tver) and teachers of the Russian as a foreign language (RUDN University, Moscow). The results of joint actions of these universities' teachers to create a socio-cultural space that promotes the formation of the personality of a future specialist are presented. The organization of projects that adapt youth to modern culture, forming language and cultural competences, personal qualities of students are described

ON THE ISSUE OF SOCIOCULTURAL IDENTIFICATION

The article is devoted to the effectiveness of humanitarian education that is largely determined by correctly found methods of working with the audience. Dialogical form of education, stimulating active creativity of students, continues to prove its viability and effectiveness. Its advantages are even more highlighted against the background of actively implemented in recent forms of testing and online education. At the same time, it is necessary to look for other active and interactive methods, involving all possible ways of learning, including achievements in the field of computer educational technologies. The effectiveness of the students' personal development largely depends on the space in which he/she plunges into the educational and extracurricular time. Therefore, the process of modern education involves the creation of a special sociocultural environment in the University. The more natural this space is, the more natural is the process of personal development. At the same time, the sociocultural environment is not only self-adjusting, but also a regulated system that requires attention and effort. The concept of education as a process of sociocultural identification is particularly relevant for foreign students studying in Russia. For them, the formation of sociocultural identity is a process of sociocultural adaptation. The study of the Russian language is fundamentally important in this process. It seems that the inclusion of linguistic and cultural knowledge in the process of teaching Russian to foreigners ensures the strength of their speech skills, contributes to a more successful adaptation of students to the Russian sociocultural environment. That's why teachers of the Faculty of Russian Language and General Educational Disciplines of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) combine the teaching of Russian with the simultaneous study of modern culture, starting at the initial stage of training. They pay special attention to such types of extracurricular activity as a lesson-concert, thematic evenings, student competitions, Olympiads etc. These after-class activities are a powerful tool for the development of listening and speaking skills. They play an important cognitive role while helping the students to adapt to the new social reality. A great help in the process of adaptation is provided by the teacher himself. The teachers' professionalism and pedagogical tact are used to create a favorable atmosphere in the classroom. Furthermore, it is of high importance that the teachers' sociocultural identity has strong foundations. The foreign students, in order to activate their readiness for tolerant interaction (not only with members of their group, but also with other people regardless their national, cultural, religious or other views) should be educated in a tolerant environment that is created by the teacher. One of the main mechanisms of teaching tolerance is dialogue. That is why, we believe it is necessary to organize creative and cultural group activities during the whole process of teaching Russian. Nowadays, the teacher needs to link the educational process with extracurricular activities to gain the educational interest of the students and nourish their sociocultural adaptation

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES IN THE METHOD OF TEACHING OF RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: MNEMONIC RECEPTIONS

The article is devoted to the consideration of the problem of developing new methods of teaching Russian to foreigners on the basis of widespread use during the training of mnemonic techniques. In recent decades, there have occurred rapid changes in the field of obtaining and assimilating information, which has a significant impact on the learning process, especially the teaching of foreign languages. There are new opportunities for creating specialized training programs that make it easier, faster and more comprehensively to learn a foreign language, slowly forming the skills of a system interpretation of foreign information, but new opportunities create a number of difficulties of practical character for teachers and developers of various courses and programs associated with the introduction of new techniques in a single system of teaching and development of effective models of teaching. The authors carefully analyze the process of changing the methods of teaching Russian to foreigners who are studying at Russian universities and note that there is going on a transition from methods based on classical mnemotechnic which are based on mechanisms of visual (figurative) thinking to methods of pedagogical mnemonics concentrating on the development of speech thinking, that is, on the search for patterns in memorized information, its classification and systematization. The study presents a specially developed author's methodology for teaching Russian to foreigners and the results of its practical testing, as well as an original method based on the use of mnemonic techniques, the selection and distribution of lexico-grammatical, verbal and textual material. According to the authors, this technique will significantly contribute to the successful mastering of Russian by foreign students and will be useful in creating interactive textbooks

Evaluation of protective efficacy of selected immunodominant B-cell epitopes within virulent surface proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Four previously identified immunodominant B-cell epitopes, located within known virulent pneumococcal proteins CbpD, PhtD, PhtE, and ZmpB, had shown promising in vivo immunological characteristics, indicating their potential to be used as vaccine antigens. In this study, we further evaluated the opsonophagocytic activity of antibodies against these epitopes and their capacity to protect mice from pneumococcal sepsis. An opsonophagocytic killing assay (OPKA) revealed that OPKA titers of human anti-peptide antibodies against pneumococcal serotypes 1, 3, and 19A were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those of the control sera, suggesting their functional potential against virulent clinical isolates. Data obtained from mice actively immunized with any of the selected epitope analogues or with a mixture of these (G_Mix group) showed, compared to controls, enhanced survival against the highly virulent pneumococcal serotype 3 (P < 0.001). Moreover, passive transfer of hyperimmune serum from G_Mix to naive mice also conferred protection to a lethal challenge with serotype 3, which demonstrates that the observed protection was antibody mediated. All immunized murine groups elicited gradually higher antibody titers and avidity, suggesting a maturation of immune response over time. Among the tested peptides, PhD_pep19 and PhtE_pep40 peptides, which reside within the zinc-binding domains of PhtD and PhtE proteins, exhibited superior immunological characteristics. Recently it has been shown that zinc uptake is of high importance for the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae; thus, our findings suggest that these epitopes deserve further evaluation as novel immunoreactive components for the development of a polysaccharide-independent pneumococcal vaccine. © 2018 American Society for Microbiology

Development of autogenous vaccines for farmed European seabass against Aeromonas veronii using zebrafish as a model for efficacy assessment

Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria is an emerging pathogen for the European seabass cultured in the Aegean Sea (Mediterranean) causing significant problems in the Greek and Turkish aquaculture industry since no licensed vaccine is currently available for the disease. A bivalent vaccine was developed based on two phenotypically distinct strains of the pathogen, PDB (motile, pigment-producing strain) and NS (non-motile, non-pigment-producing). The two strains comprising the bivalent vaccine were evaluated as monovalent products in zebrafish before the seabass trials. Challenges using the homologous or the heterologous strain showed that both vaccines were protective with RPS values ranging between 66 and 100% in zebrafish. The bivalent vaccine was then tested in European seabass following dip or intraperitoneal administration. Efficacy was evaluated separately against both strains comprising the bivalent vaccine. Dip vaccination applied to juvenile seabass of 2.5 g average weight provided protection following challenge tests 30 days post vaccination only in one of the two strains tested (strain PDB, RPS: 88%). This was also the case in the injection vaccination of adult seabass of 60 g average weight where the vaccine was effective only against the PDB strain (RPS: 63%). High antibody titers against both strains were found at 30 and 60 days after intraperitoneal vaccination in the adult seabass. The use of zebrafish as a model for vaccine development for aquaculture species is discussed. © 202