Developing Successful iOS Applications

Have you ever wanted to publish a popular iOS application? If so, this paper discusses the successful characteristics in successful iOS mobile applications, as well as the characteristics to avoid when developing. This information is gathered from multiple academic journals and interviews with professionals in the field. This paper highlights the importance of applying all the important key characteristics in an organized manner. Using simple software engineering techniques such as using the MVC (Model-View-Controller) are the key driving forces in developing successful iOS mobile applications. This paper also puts emphasis on data-driven applications and brings up common mistakes to avoid when developing it. Finally, the importance of using native applications opposed to cross platform applications is emphasized. These are the keys to a successful iOS application and should be utilized in each application

Evaluating target silencing by short hairpin RNA mediated by the group I intron in cultured mammalian cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The group I intron, a ribozyme that catalyzes its own splicing reactions in the absence of proteins <it>in vitro</it>, is a potential target for rational engineering and attracted our interest due to its potential utility in gene repair using trans-splicing. However, the ribozyme activity of a group I intron appears to be facilitated by RNA chaperones <it>in vivo</it>; therefore, the efficiency of self-splicing could be dependent on the structure around the insert site or the length of the sequence to be inserted. To better understand how ribozyme activity could be modulated in cultured mammalian cells, a group I intron was inserted into a short hairpin RNA (shRNA), and silencing of a reporter gene by the shRNA was estimated to reflect self-splicing activity <it>in vivo</it>. In addition, we appended a theophylline-binding aptamer to the ribozyme to investigate any potential effects caused by a trans-effector.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>shRNA-expression vectors in which the loop region of the shRNA was interrupted by an intron were constructed to target firefly luciferase mRNA. There was no remarkable toxicity of the shRNA-expression vectors in Cos cells, and the decrease in luciferase activity was measured as an index of the ribozyme splicing activity. In contrast, the expression of the shRNA through intron splicing was completely abolished in 293T cells, although the silencing induced by the shRNA-expressing vector alone was no different from that in the Cos cells. The splicing efficiency of the aptamer-appended intron also had implications for the potential of trans-factors to differentially promote self-splicing among cultured mammalian cells.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Silencing by shRNAs interrupted by a group I intron could be used to monitor self-splicing activity in cultured mammalian cells, and the efficiency of self-splicing appears to be affected by cell-type specific factors, demonstrating the potential effectiveness of a trans-effector.</p

ハヤスギタ ケッカハッセイ ト ジッコウコウイ イチレン ノ コウイ ヲ メグル コウサツ

論

ボウエイ コウイ ノ コスウ 二 ツイテ セイトウ ボウエイ 二 ヒキツヅイタ カジョウ ボウエイ コウイ ヲ メグル コウサツ

論

Role of Kupffer cells in liver injury induced by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and flucloxacillin in mice

CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) is a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist that can induce innate immune responses. In a previous study, flucloxacillin (FLUX; 100 mg/kg, gavage)-induced liver injury in mice was enhanced by co-administration of CpG-ODN (40 μg/mouse, intraperitoneally). In this study, the mechanism of CpG-ODN sensitization to FLUX-induced liver injury was further investigated in mice inhibited of Kupffer cells (KCs) function by gadolinium chloride (GdCl3; 10 mg/kg, intravenously). GdCl3-treated mice administrated with CpG-ODN and FLUX showed lower liver injury than wild-type (WT) mice treated with CpG-ODN and FLUX. Upregulation of Fas and FasL by CpG-ODN was also inhibited in GdCl3-treated mice and mitochondrial swelling in response to FLUX failed to occur regardless of pre-treatment with CpG-ODN. When FasL-mutant gld/gld mice were treated with CpG-ODN, mitochondrial swelling in response to FLUX was also inhibited. These results suggest that KCs play an essential role in liver injury induced by CpG-ODN and FLUX. CpG-ODN may activate KCs, resulting in induction of Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis of hepatocytes. The Fas/FasL pathway may also be an upstream regulator of CpG-ODN- and FLUX-induced changes in mitochondrial permeability transition. These results enhance our understanding of the mechanism of the adjuvant effect of CpG-ODN in this mouse model of liver injury

ミニープレートの破折

Mini-plate fracture was found in a case of the bone grafting after the segmental mandibular excision, and a case of osteomyelitis in the radiographic follow-up examinations. It was emphasized that usefulness of mini-plate would be evaluated by modification in shape and number of mini-plate used for fixation or reconstruction

Changes in Knowledge Levels through Lectures on Radiotherapy to Nursing Students in Japan

Background:Recently, the number of patients choosing radiotherapy is increasing in Japan. It is necessary for even nurses to have knowledge of radiotherapy. We measured the degree of awareness with a lecture on how a nursing student can obtain knowledge of radiotherapy.Materials and methods: Forty nursing students who were in their third year and preparing for their national nursing certification in two months were recruited. The 90-min lecture covered a range of topics from general theories to specific concepts. The students were not informed that they would be required to fill a survey at the end of the lecture. This was to avoid bias that could occur from knowing in advance that a survey would be conducted.Results: The following items below were particularly remarkable. The distinction between the radiologist and the radiation oncologist. The radiotherapy is a local therapy. The pain from bone metastasis could be relieved.Conclusion: Students had very little knowledge on radiotherapy before the lecture. the results of this study indicated the need to increase the number of lectures on radiotherapy for nursing as well medical students. As the number of radiotherapy patients increases

Comparison of Conventional 2D CC (Cranio-Caudal) + MLO (Medio-Lateral Oblique) Bi-Directional Photography and 2D-MLO + DBT-MLO (Digital Breast Tomosynthesis) in Mammography Examination

Introduction: Mammography (MMG) is an excellent examination for breast cancer detection and is widely used in both screening and clinical practice. However, the breast thickness and background the concentration of the mammary gland is large among individuals, and the mammary gland and cancer may overlap and it may not be possible to point out a lesion. In recent years, digital breast tomosynthesis (hereinafter referred to as DBT) has been introduced to solve these problems, and its usefulness has been reported in clinical practice. Therefore, in anticipation of a higher cancer detection rate etc., we compared the conventional 2D CC + MLO 2-way MMG examination with 2DMLO + DBTMLO 2-way MMG examination.Materials and Methods: The combination of 2D CC + MLO and 2DMLO + DBTMLO was read for 95 cases of breast cancer taking 2D CC and MLO and DBT MLO from May 2016 to October 2017. It was judged that the category 3 or more required detailed examination, cancer detection, and cancer detection rates were compared. Subjects were 28 to 87 years of age (median: 55 years), breast composition: high concentration 15.8% (15 cases), heterogeneous high concentration 47.4% (45 cases), mammary gland 28.4% (27 cases), Fatty was 8.4% (8 cases).Results: The cancer detection rate was 87% for the 2D CC + MLO combination and 94% for the 2DMLO + DBTMLO combination in 95 cases of breast cancer. The interpretation time was 95 minutes for the 2D CC + MLO combination and 110 minutes for the 2DMLO + DBTMLO combination.The breast cancer detected only by the combination of 2D CC + MLO was scattered in 1 case and was classified as Category 3 by FAD. Breast cancer detected only by the combination of 2DMLO + DBTMLO: 8 cases with uneven distribution of breast composition, 3 cases with scattered mammary gland, 3 cases with 5 cases with disordered construction, Category 4 with 3 cases with FAD was.Conclusion: Both 2D CC + MLO combination and 2DMLO + DBTMLO combination are considered useful for screening MMG examination. In particular, we would like to consider the introduction to medical examinations for the addition of MMG in DBT, but the issue of the amount of image information, the problem of exposure to radiation, the direction of imaging, the establishment of interpretation methods etc. are future issues