Cosmological reconstruction and energy bounds in f(R,RαβRαβ,ϕ)f(R,R_{\alpha \beta}R^{\alpha\beta},\phi) gravity

We discuss the cosmological reconstruction of $f(R,R_{\alpha\beta}R^{\alpha\beta},\phi)$ (where $R$, $R_{\alpha\beta}R^{\alpha\beta}$ and $\phi$ represents the Ricci scalar, Ricci invariant and scalar field) corresponding to power law and de Sitter evolution in the framework of FRW universe model. We derive the energy conditions for this modified theory which seem to be more general and can be reduced to some known forms of these conditions in general relativity, $f(R)$ and $f(R,\phi)$ theories. We have presented the general constraints in terms of recent values of snap, jerk, deceleration and Hubble parameters. The energy bounds are analyzed for reconstructed as well as known models in this theory. Finally, the free parameters are analyzed comprehensively.Comment: 27 pages, 3 figure

Static spherically symmetric wormholes in generalized f(R, ϕ) gravity

In this paper, we examine static spherically symmetric wormhole solutions in generalized f(R,ϕ) gravity. To do this, we consider three different kinds of fluids: anisotropic, barotropic and isotropic. We explore different f(R,ϕ) models and inspect the energy conditions for all of those three fluids. It is found that under some models in this theory, it is possible to obtain wormhole solutions without requiring exotic matter. The discussion about the conditions where the standard energy conditions (WEC and NEC) are valid for the fluids is discussed in details. From our results and for our cases, we conclude that for anisotropic and isotropic fluids, realistic wormhole geometries satisfying the energy conditions can be constructed

Thermodynamics in f(R,RαβRαβ,ϕ) theory of gravity

First and second laws of black hole thermodynamics are examined at the apparent horizon of FRW spacetime in f(R,RαβRαβ,ϕ) gravity, where R, RαβRαβ and ϕ are the Ricci invariant, Ricci tensor and the scalar field respectively. In this modified theory, Friedmann equations are formulated for any spatial curvature. These equations can be presented into the form of first law of thermodynamics for ThdSˆh+ThdiSˆh+WdV=dE, where diSˆh is an extra entropy term because of the non-equilibrium presentation of the equations and ThdSˆh+WdV=dE for the equilibrium presentation. The generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) is expressed in an inclusive form where these results can be represented in GR, f(R) and f(R,ϕ) gravities. Finally to check the validity of GSLT, we take some particular models and produce constraints of the parameters

Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in HIMS, Hassan

Background: There is a growing need to understand the risk factors and prevalence of AKI in COVID-19 patients to better manage and prevent the condition. HIMS, Hassan is a hospital in India that has been treating COVID-19 patients since the onset of the pandemic. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients admitted to a hospital in HIMS, Hassan, and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods: The study is a retrospective cohort study that investigates the clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who met the inclusion criteria in HIMS teaching hospital, Hassan. 300 patients were included, and descriptive statistical analysis was performed using mean with standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables and proportions and percentages for categorical variables. Results: Out of 300 patients, 68% had AKI. The age distribution was similar between the two groups, with the highest proportion of patients in the age group of 40-49 years. The proportion of AKI was higher among males than females, but the difference was not statistically significant. The need for ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and dialysis was strongly associated with AKI. Patients with comorbidities such as DM and DM+HTN were at a higher risk of developing AKI. Laboratory parameters such as D-dimer, LDH, ferritin, urea, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, Neutrophils / Lymphocytes ratio, and chloride levels were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of monitoring patients with comorbidities closely and implementing preventive measures to reduce the incidence of AKI in COVID-19 patients

Comparative study of peroxidase purification from apple and orange seeds

This paper reports the isolation and purification of peroxidase from low cost material; moreover, no significant work has been done on the isolation and purification of peroxidase from such cost effective sources (apple and orange seeds). Peroxidases had attracted considerable interest in recent years because of their activities towards a wide variety of chromogenic substances. Peroxidase activity in crude extract of apple and orange seeds was measured by recording a spectrophotometric value. Partial purification of crude enzyme extract was done by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography. It was observed that after partial purification, the enzyme activity was increased as compared to crude enzyme extract. Peroxidase from orange seed was purified up to 17.17 fold with specific activity of 10.17 U/mg and that from apple seed was 6.82 fold with specific activity of 7.53 U/mg after diethyl amino ethyl (DEAE) cellulose chromatography. It was shown that orange seed peroxidase had more activity than apple seed peroxidase in crude extract and each step of purification. Further purification was obtained through gel filtration chromatography by using sephadex-G-75 column. Peroxidase from orange and apple seeds got purified up to 30.64 and 8.34 fold with their specific activity of 18.16 and 9.20 U/mg, respectively. It is more evident that peroxidase is the most heat stable enzyme; therefore, it is concluded that it may be potentially useful for industrial purposes.Key words: Apple and orange seeds, extraction, peroxidase, purification

APTI of Some Selected Plants in Shivamogga City, South Asia

Air pollution is the human introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulate matter or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organism or damage the environment. The study examined air pollution indices (APTI) of fourteen plant species around Shivamogga city of Karnataka State India . Four physiological and biochemical parameters, leaf relative water content (RWC) , ascorbic acid (AA), total leaf chlorophyll (TCH), and leaf extract PH were used to compute the APTI values. The result showed that combining variety of these parameters gave more reliable result than those of individual parameter. The order of tolerance is as follows: Azadirachta indica, (37.74), Mangifera indica (28.4), Eucalyptus mysoresins (27.93), Carica papaya (24.62), Ricinus communis (22.46), Polvalthia longifolia (20.76), Calotropis gigantean (19.84), Nerium indicum (18.49), Psidium guajava (17.51), Parthenium hysterophorus (14.91), Bougainvillea glabra (13.35), Muntingia calabura (11.68), Terminalia cattapa (10.71) and Tamarindus indica (9.12)

Tinea capitis in adults: not so rare

Background: Tinea capitis is the dermatophyte infection of the scalp with varied clinical presentation. Tinea capitis is predominantly seen in preadolescent adults and is rare in adults. Growing number of authors have reported increase in incidence among adults. Clinical presentation in such case is often atypical leading to delay in diagnosis.Methods: The study included all patients older than 18 years. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. Clinical material was microscopically examined with the use of 20% KOH for hyphae and arthroconidia. The Samples were also inoculated on Sabourauds Agar and Mycosel Agar for 15 days. For each patient we collected information about sex, menstrual status, predisposing factor, symptoms and etiological agent.Results: Out of 457 cases of tinea capitis 14 patients were adults and represented 3.06% of all cases. All patients were females. The most common etiological agent was T. violaceum (35%), followed by T. mentagrophytes (21.43%), T. tonsurans (14.29%), T. rubrum (14.29%) and T. schoenleinii (14.29%).Conclusions: Tinea capitis in adults is not so rare, particularly in post-menopausal women. The presentation is often atypical mimicking other inflammatory conditions of scalp and should be included as a differential diagnosis of inflammatory conditions not responding to conventional treatment

A Numerical Study of SIR Epidemic Model

Epidemic and infectious disease fall into the category of time dependent dynamic system. The model under consideration is SIR-type (susceptible, infectious, recovered) which assumes that every individual has equally chances to be infected by the infectious individual in the case of contact except the pair formation or those who have a sufficient immunity for the disease. The model considered in this paper is non-fatal. If the portion of the immuned population exceeds the herd immunity level then the disease will no longer persist in the population. The model is solved with and without demographical effects. The vaccination effect is also discussed along with the physical parameters. The simulations have been performed for the non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations using Runge-Kutta 4th order method and MATLAB-SIMULINK software. The results obtained by both methods are in good agreement with the existing results in the literature [7]