The results of school bullying experience in chronic victims: A retrospective qualitative study

Η έως τώρα βιβλιογραφία εστίασε στην τραυματική διάσταση και στις αρνητικές συνέπειες του εκφοβισμού για τα περισσότερα θύματα, ενώ μικρότερη έμφαση δόθηκε στην ψυχική ανθεκτικότητα και τη μετατραυματική ανάπτυξη. Επίσης, στη βιβλιογραφία βρέθηκε ότι ο ρόλος των σχέσεων/αλληλεπιδράσεων με τους σημαντικούς άλλους διαδραματίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στη διαμόρφωση των αποτελεσμάτων της εμπειρίας στα θύματα. Στην παρούσα ποιοτική μελέτη εξετάστηκαν τα αποτελέσματα της εμπειρίας του σχολικού εκφοβισμού και ο ρόλος που διαδραμάτισαν οι αλληλεπιδράσεις με τους σημαντικούς άλλους σε έξι χρόνια θύματα (1 άνδρας και 5 γυναίκες), τα οποία βρίσκονταν πια στην ενήλικη ζωή. Προς διευκόλυνση της ανάμνησης, τους δόθηκε να παρακολουθήσουν βίντεο με περιστατικά θυματοποίησης που προσομοίαζαν της δικής τους εμπειρίας. Τα δεδομένα συλλέχθηκαν μέσω ημι-δομημένων συνεντεύξεων και ακολούθησε θεματική ανάλυση. Βρέθηκε ότι τα θύματα της παρούσας μελέτης βίωσαν άμεσες, καθώς και μακροπρόθεσμες αρνητικές συνέπειες. Ωστόσο, στα περισσότερα θύματα ο παρατεταμένος αρνητικός αντίκτυπος συνυπήρχε με τη μετατραυματική ανάπτυξη. Επίσης, βρέθηκε ότι οι υποστηρικτικές σχέσεις συνέβαλαν στη συγκρότηση της ψυχικής ανθεκτικότητας των θυμάτων κατά τη διάρκεια του εκφοβισμού και διευκόλυναν τις προσπάθειες αναδιοργάνωσής τους στο παρόν. Από την άλλη, μία συμμετέχουσα εστίασε αποκλειστικά στις αρνητικές συνέπειες της εμπειρίας, γεγονός που πιθανότατα συνδέεται με την απουσία ουσιαστικής υποστήριξης κατά τη διάρκεια του εκφοβισμού και στο παρόν.Literature has until recently focused mainly on the traumatic dimension of school bullying and the negative consequences for the victims, giving less emphasis tomental resilience and post-traumatic growth. Furthermore, recent research hasshown the importance of the relationships/interactions between bullying victims andsignificant others in shaping the consequences of the experience. The presentqualitative study examines the experience of school bullying among six adult chronic victims (1 man and five women) and the role that interactions with significant others played during this process. Data have been collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed through thematic analysis. The results showed that the specific victims experienced immediate and long-term negative consequences. However, it has been found that, in most of the cases, the prolonged negative impact coexisted with post-traumatic growth and that supportive relationships contributed to victims’ mental resilience during school bullying, facilitating their efforts to re-organize their lives. Only one participant focused mainly on the negative consequences of the experience, a fact that probably relates to the lack of substantial support during both the chronic bullying experience and her present life conditions

Intentional replantation and Biodentine root reconstruction. A case report with 10-year follow-up

Aim: To describe the innovative use of intentional replantation for Biodentine root reconstruction of a previously treated immature maxillary central incisor with vertically extended crown root fracture and root detachment. Summary: In the present case, the intentional replantation of a failing, previously treated maxillary central incisor with a vertical crown/root fracture in a 12-year-old male patient is reported. The gross extrusion of gutta-percha points beyond the apex and the pre-existing extensive, trauma related, distal cervical dentinal detachment justified the intentional replantation treatment plan as an option for tooth retention. After controlling the infection by oral administration of antibiotics, the immature tooth was extracted atraumatically and kept in gauze embedded with tooth replantation medium. The apical third of the immature fractured tooth was treated with ultrasonics and an MTA plug (MTA Angelus White, Londrina, Brazil). The distal cervical dentinal root defect was reconstructed with Biodentine (Septodont, St. Maur-des-Fosses, France). The tooth was reinserted and stabilized to the adjacent teeth for 2 weeks. The total extraoral time before replantation was 25 min. In the 10 years since the initial trauma (9 years after the intervention) radiographic and clinical evaluation revealed uneventful healing of the periapical lesion, normal mobility and no detectable signs of external replacement resorption. Key learning points: Intentional replantation may provide a viable treatment alternative in cases of severe complicated crown/ root fractures Biodentine may be useful in the reconstruction of external root defects in crown root fractured traumatic dental injuries. © 2021 International Endodontic Journal. Published by John Wiley & Sons Lt

Sexual activity and body and testis growth in prepubertal ram lambs of Friesland, Chios, Karagouniki and Serres dairy sheep in Greece

Abstract Sexual activity, body size and testis growth in the prepubertal period (120±210 days of age) were studied in ®ve male lambs of each of four dairy sheep breeds. Sexual responses developed earlier in Friesland than in Chios and Karagouniki and latest in Serres ram lambs. Friesland lambs expressed interest in females at 127 days of age and 34 kg live weight 18±36 days younger and 3.4±6.3 kg lighter than the three Greek breeds. Puberty (®rst mounting with ejaculation occurred) of ram lambs appeared to be more closely associated with body weight than with chronological age. Age at puberty averaged 179 days in Friesland, 8, 10 and 30 days younger (P < 0.05) than in Karagouniki, Chios and Serres, respectively. On the other hand, weight at puberty averaged 50 kg for Friesland and Chios compared to about 44 kg for the two other breeds (P < 0.05). In the four breeds studied there was a 41±52 days interval between the time when lambs ®rst expressed interest in females and the time puberty occurred, the longest was that of Friesland lambs. There was a signi®cant breed difference in scrotal circumference. At puberty the scrotal circumference was 33.9 cm in Friesland lambs, 4±6 cm greater than in the three Greek breeds. Friesland ram lambs had a greater scrotal circumference throughout the entire period studied.

Sexual Violence in Romantic Relationships from the Perspective of Young Female Students: A Qualitative Study

Η παρούσα ποιοτική μελέτη εστιάζει στην οπτική και στις πεποιθήσεις νεαρών γυναικών για τη σεξουαλική βία στις ετεροφυλοφιλικές συντροφικές σχέσεις εκτός πλαισίου γάμου ή συμβίωσης. Συγκεκριμένα, επιχειρεί να διερευνήσει σε βάθος πώς ορίζουν και νοηματοδοτούν οι γυναίκες τη σεξουαλική βία στο συγκεκριμένο πλαίσιο σχέσης. Στην έρευνα πήραν μέρος 38 φοιτήτριες, ηλικίας 18 έως 24 ετών. Η συλλογή των δεδομένων πραγματοποιήθηκε με τη μέθοδο των ομάδων εστίασης, ενώ για την ανάλυση των δεδομένων χρησιμοποιήθηκε η θεματική ανάλυση. Τα θέματα που διαμορφώθηκαν ήταν δύο:  (α) «Δεν μιλάμε μόνο για psycho τύπους στους δρόμους»: Η εκδήλωση της σεξουαλικής βίας στις συντροφικές σχέσεις και (β) Μια διαπραγμάτευση «συναίνεσης» με διαφορετικούς όρους για γυναίκες και άνδρες. Σύμφωνα με τα ευρήματα της έρευνας, οι συμμετέχουσες συμπεριέλαβαν στον ορισμό της σεξουαλικής βίας ένα μεγάλο φάσμα πράξεων, συμπεριλαμβανομένων του βιασμού, του σεξουαλικού εξαναγκασμού και της πίεσης για μη επιθυμητές σεξουαλικές πράξεις. Αναγνώρισαν τις συντροφικές σχέσεις ως πλαίσιο όπου αυτές οι πράξεις εκδηλώνονται, αμφισβητώντας διαδεδομένους μύθους για τη σεξουαλική βία, αποκλειστικά ως βίας που διαπράττεται από άγνωστους στις γυναίκες άνδρες σε δημόσιους χώρους. Στις αφηγήσεις τους, οι συμμετέχουσες νοηματοδότησαν τη σεξουαλική βία μέσα από τη σύνδεσή της με έμφυλους ρόλους και προσδοκίες, που επηρεάζουν τη διαπραγμάτευση της σεξουαλικής συναίνεσης και μπορεί να οδηγήσουν σε μη επιθυμητές σεξουαλικές εμπειρίες για τις γυναίκες. Τα ευρήματα συζητούνται ως προς την αξιοποίησή τους στη σχετική έρευνα και σε προγράμματα πρόληψης και παρέμβασης για τη σεξουαλική βία στις συντροφικές σχέσεις.The present qualitative study focuses on the views and beliefs of young women regarding sexual violence in romantic relationships outside of the context of marriage or cohabitation. More specifically, it seeks to extensively explore how women define and give meaning to sexual violence in this particular relationship status. Thirty-eight female students, aged between 18 and 24 years old, participated in the study. The method of focus group was employed for data collection that were then analyzed using thematic analysis. Two themes were generated: (a) "We're not just talking about psycho guys on the streets": The manifestation of sexual violence in romantic relationships and (b) A negotiation of "consent" in different terms for women and men. According to the findings, the participants referred to a broad spectrum of actions in their definitions of sexual violence, including rape, sexual coercion as well as pressure for unwanted sexual acts. They recognized that romantic relationships is a context within which such acts take place, while challenging popular myths about sexual violence being committed solely by strange men in public. In their narratives, the participants gave meaning to sexual violence through its relation to gender roles and expectations which affect the negotiation of sexual consent and may lead to unwanted sexual experiences for women. The findings are discussed in relation to their valuable contribution in relevant research as well as in prevention and intervention programs about sexual violence in romantic relationships

Urinary catecholamine levels and bruxism in children

This study was performed to test the hypothesis that emotionally stressful states measured by the urinary catecholamines may affect the development of bruxism. Three hundred and fourteen children, boys and girls, aged 6-8 years were included in this study. Bruxism was recorded by a clinical examination and an interview. Positive evidence of this parafunction was defined as the presence of both historical and clinical indicators. Information concerning systemic and socio-economic factors was collected by a questionnaire. A 24-h urine sample was collected for each subject and analysed by the high performance liquid chro matography technique to assay the catecholamine content. Of the total of 273 children who had a complete 24-h urine sample, 167 were identified to be with and without positive evidence of bruxism. The logistic multiple-regression analysis was carried out to test whether the presence of bruxism was affected by the variables studied; 95% probability was used. The results showed that epinephrine and dopamine had a significant and strong association with bruxism. The data therefore provide support for the concept that emotional stress is a prominent factor in the development of bruxing behaviour. © 1999 Blackwell Science Ltd

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and mutagens in ambient air particles sampled in Thessaloniki, Greece

Seventy samples of airborne particulates were sampled from two sites in Thessaloniki, Greece, during the period of one year, starting in July 1987. Thessaloniki is located in the northeastern part of Greece and is the second most highly populated city of the country. The 24‐h samples were taken by using high‐volume samplers located in two monitoring sites — 1 and 2. Site 1 was located at the center of the city (main pollution sources were traffic and central heating), whereas site 2 was in the industrial zone of the city (main sources were industrial activities and traffic). The collected particulates were examined for their mutagenicity with the Ames test. The analysis of particulates to determine their content in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was done by the gas chromatographic method. The column used to separate the various PAHs was a wide‐bore capillary column. Ten PAHs were identified and quantified in the atmosphere of Thessaloniki. No essential differences were found between the mean values of PAH concentrations measured at the two sites, whereas the mutagenicity values at site 1 (central area) were higher than those measured at site 2 (industrial site). The PAH concentrations were moderate if compared with those found in other polluted cities in the world, whereas the mutagenic activity of particulates was low. Higher values of PAH concentrations and mutagenicity were found during winter. During Sundays the PAH concentrations were lower than those measured on weekdays. No significant linear correlation was found between PAH concentrations and mutagenicity for both sites of measurements. The main sources of PAHs were estimated to be the stationary sources in winter and the traffic in summer for both measuring sites. Higher values of both PAH concentrations and mutagenicity were found during days with light winds. Copyright © 1991 SETA