Isolation and characterization of phthalates from Brevibacterium mcbrellneri that cause cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest

Bacteria belonging to the family Brevibacterieae are ubiquitous Gram positive organisms that are responsible for the feet odour and cheese aroma. Brevibacterium mcbrellneri is a relatively new member belonging to Brevibac- terieae. In the current manuscript we discuss isolation of biologically active metabolites from Brevibacterium mcbrellneri. Two aromatic esters were isolated from Brevibacterium mcbrellneri by “Bioassay guided fractiona- tion strategy” and identified as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate by chemical characterization using biophysical techniques. The phthalate compounds show broad spectrum antibacterial activity and mosquito larvi-cidal activity. Mosquito larvicidal activity has been attributed to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity. These compounds were found to be cytotoxic in multiple cell lines causing cell cycle arrest in G1 phase

Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of cholesteryl 6-<em>O</em>-acyl-β-<img src='http://www.niscair.res.in/jinfo/smaller.gif' border=0>-galactopyranosides

91-97In the present study, cholesteryl 6-O-acyl-β--galactopyranosides have been synthesized using trichloroacetimidate methodology with unusual, short, medium, long and unsaturated fatty acids. Glycosylation of cholesterol has been achieved using trichloroacetimidate as donor and TMSOTf as promoter. The β-configuration is confirmed by 1H NMR analysis as the anomeric proton appears atδ 4.55 (d, J1,2 = 7.93 Hz) as a doublet. Acetate groups have been selectively deprotected with Zemplen deacylation after which cholesteryl β--galactopyranoside has been selectively esterified at C-6ʹ position with EDC.HCl. All the compounds have been evaluated for cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. Based on the results, all the tested compounds exhibit moderate to significant cytotoxicity against all the tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values between the 17.3 – 88.8 µM ranges. Among all the tested compounds long chain saturated palmitic and stearic acid derivatives 6g, 6hexhibitsignificantcytotoxicity against cervical cancer cell line with IC50 values 17.3 and 20.3 µM respectively. Moreover, all the tested compounds do not show any toxicity towards normal cell line

Synthesis and evaluation of anti-oxidant and cytotoxic activities of novel 10-undecenoic acid methyl ester based lipoconjugates of phenolic acids

The synthesis of five novel methyl 10-undecenoate-based lipoconjugates of phenolic acids from undecenoic acid was carried out. Undecenoic acid was methylated to methyl 10-undecenoate which was subjected to a thiol–ene reaction with cysteamine hydrochloride. Further amidation of the amine was carried out with different phenolic acids such as caffeic, ferulic, sinapic, coumaric and cinnamic acid. All synthesized compounds were fully characterized and their structures were confirmed by spectral data. The anti-oxidant activity of the synthesized lipoconjugates of phenolic acids was studied by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and also by the inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation in micellar medium by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The prepared compounds were also screened for their cytotoxic activity against five cell lines. It was observed that the lipoconjugates of caffeic acid, sinapic acid, ferulic acid, and coumaric acid displayed anticancer and anti-oxidant properties. The anticancer properties of these derivatives have been assessed by their IC50 inhibitory values in the proliferation of MDA-MB231, SKOV3, MCF7, DU 145 and HepG2 cancer cell lines

In Situ Strategy to Encapsulate Antibiotics in a Bioinspired CaCO₃ Structure Enabling pH-Sensitive Drug Release Apt for Therapeutic and Imaging Applications

Herein we demonstrate a bioinspired method involving macromolecular assembly of anionic polypeptide with cationic peptide-oligomer that allows for in situ encapsulation of antibiotics like tetracycline in CaCO₃ microstructure. In a single step one-pot process, the encapsulation of the drug occurs under desirable environmentally benign conditions resulting in drug loaded CaCO₃ microspheres. While this tetracycline-loaded sample exhibits pH dependent in vitro drug-release profile and excellent antibacterial activity, the encapsulated drug or the dye-conjugated peptide emits fluorescence suitable for optical imaging and detection, thereby making it a multitasking material. The efficacy of tetracycline loaded calcium carbonate microspheres as pH dependent drug delivery vehicles is further substantiated by performing cell viability experiments using normal and cancer cell lines (in vitro). Interestingly, the pH-dependent drug release enables selective cytotoxicity toward cancer cell lines as compared to the normal cells, thus having the potential for further development of therapeutic applications