8 research outputs found

    Analysis of Organophosphorus Compounds. 1. Application of Iodine-Azide Reaction for Detection of Thiophosphoorganic Compounds in Thin-Layer Chromatography

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    Wydrukowano z dostarczonych Wydawnictwu U艁 gotowych materia艂贸wZadanie pt. Digitalizacja i udost臋pnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu 艁贸dzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet 艁贸dzki nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zosta艂o dofinansowane ze 艣rodk贸w MNiSW w ramach dzia艂alno艣ci upowszechniaj膮cej nauk臋

    Metoda wykrywania i lokalizacji nieszczelno艣ci sieci gazowych

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    Leak detection in transmission pipelines is important for safe operation of pipelines. The probability of leaks may be occurred at any time and location, therefore pipeline leak detection systems play a key role in minimization of the occurrence of leaks probability and their impacts. During the operation of the network there are various accidents or intentional actions that lead to leaks of gas pipelines. For each network failure, a quick reaction is needed before it causes more damage. Methods that are used to de-tect such network failures are three-staged-: early identification of leakage, an accurate indication of its location and determine the amount of lost fluid. Methods for leak detection can be divided into two main groups: external methods (hardware) and internal methods (software). External leak detection methods require additional, often expensive equipment mounted on the network, or use systems that could display only local damage on the pipeline. The alternative are the internal methods which use available network measurements and signalling gas leakage signal based on the mathematical models of the gas flow. In this paper, a new method of leak detection based on a mathematical model of gas flow in a transient state has been proposed.Wykrywanie nieszczelno艣ci w ruroci膮gach przesy艂owych jest bardzo wa偶ne dla bezpiecznej eksplo-atacji ruroci膮g贸w. Nieszczelno艣膰 gazoci膮gu mo偶e wyst膮pi膰 w dowolnym momencie i miejscu, dlatego systemy wykrywania nieszczelno艣ci odgrywaj膮 kluczow膮 rol臋 w ograniczeniu strat gazu. Podczas eks-ploatacji sieci wyst臋puj膮 r贸偶ne czynniki prowadz膮ce do uszkodzenia gazoci膮g贸w. W przypadku ka偶dej awarii sieci wymagana jest szybka reakcja, zanim spowoduje ona wi臋cej strat. Metody stosowane do wykrywania awarii sieci to: identyfikacja wycieku, lokalizacja wycieku i okre艣lenie ilo艣ci straconego gazu. Metody wykrywania nieszczelno艣ci mo偶na podzieli膰 na dwie grupy: metody zewn臋trzne (sprz臋t) i metody wewn臋trzne (oprogramowanie). Zewn臋trzne metody wykrywania wyciek贸w wymagaj膮, cz臋sto kosztownego sprz臋tu, kt贸ry mo偶e wykrywa膰 i lokalizowa膰 tylko lokalne uszkodzenia w ruroci膮gu. Alternatyw膮 s膮 metody wewn臋trzne, kt贸re wykorzystuj膮c dost臋pne pomiary wybranych parametr贸w sieci oraz modele matematyczne przep艂ywu gazu wykrywaj膮 i lokalizuj膮 nieszczelno艣ci. W niniejszym artykule zaproponowano now膮 metod臋 wykrywania nieszczelno艣ci opart膮 na matematycznym modelu przep艂ywu gazu w stanie nieustalonym

    Rigorous optical modelling of long-wavelength infrared photodetector with 2D subwavelength hole array in gold film

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    The quantum efficiency of an InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice (T2SL) high operating temperature (HOT) long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) photodetector may be significantly improved by integrating a two-dimensional subwavelength hole array in a metallic film (2DSHA) with the detector heterostructure. The role of the metallic grating is to couple incident radiation into surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes whose field overlaps the absorber region. Plasmon-enhanced infrared photodetectors have been recently demonstrated and are the subject of intensive research. Optical modelling of the three-dimensional detector structure with subwavelength metallic components is challenging, especially since its operation depends on evanescent wave coupling. Our modelling approach combines the 3D finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) and the rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) with a proposed adaptive data-point selection for calculation time reduction. We demonstrate that the 2DSHA-based detector supports SPPs in the Sommerfeld-Zenneck regime and waveguide modes that both enhance absorption in the active layer

    Plasmon-enhanced high operating temperature infrared photodetectors

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    Plasmonic enhancement has a great potential for performance improvement of high operating temperature (HOT) photodetectors, especially those optimized for long-wavelength infrared (LWIR). Conventional HOT photodetectors exhibit poor quantum efficiency (QE) due to short carrier diffusion lengths of narrow bandgap semiconductors and relatively low absorption coefficients within the LWIR range. Plasmon-driven subwavelength light confinement enables high absorption even in a very thin absorber that provides efficient carrier collection, boosting the detector QE. We propose a photovoltaic detector equipped with a two-dimensional subwavelength hole array (2DSHA) in gold metallization on InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice (T2SL) heterostructure. Our numerical study utilizing the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method predicts five times increased absorption in comparison with a conventional, back-side illuminated device. The simulated behavior of the plasmonic structure was confirmed experimentally by transmittance measurements, which revealed resonant features corresponding to various plasmonic modes
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