Uticaj gojaznosti na serumski nivo mokraćne kiseline kod žena u postmenopauzi

Introduction: At physiological concentrations uric acid (UA) is a powerful antioxidant. However, at higher concentrations UA acts as an oxidant leading to cell damage and consequent risk for many diseases. The underlying mechanism of the relationship between higher UA level and obesityrelated diseases is not well elucidated. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the influence of obesity on serum UA level in postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 100 overweight/obese postmenopausal women were included in this study. Anthropometric parameters: height, weight and waist circumference (WC) were measured, and body mass index was calculated in all participants. Biochemical parameters: uric acid, fasting glycemia, insulin resistance ((HOMA-IR) was calculated), lipid profile, cystatin C, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), high sensitivity C-reactive protein were determined. Results: After dividing patients according to tertile values of UA concentration, significant increase in anthropometric measurements, HOMA-IR, cystatin C, RBP4, and blood pressure were found in the highest UA tertile. In multiple linear regression analysis, WC (Beta=0.414, p lt 0.001), and cystatin C (Beta=0.300, p lt 0.001), (R2=0.467; p lt 0.001) were the best predictors of higher UA level. Conclusion: Abdominal obesity is the imoprtant determinant of higher UA level in postmenopausal women. A better understanding of underlying mechanisms of hyperuricaemia and adipose tissue disfunction in obesity, such as dysregulation of adipokines and chronic inflammation, together with discovering new target therapy may be of paramount importantance for treating obestity complications.Cilj: U fiziološkim koncentracijama mokraćna kiselina (MK) je moćan neenzimski antioksidans. Ipak, u povišenoj koncentraciji, MK ispoljava oksidativno dejstvo, dovodeći do oštećenja ćelije sa posledičnim rizikom za nastanak brojnih oboljenja. Mehanizam putem kojeg povećana koncentracija MK dovodi do oboljenja uzrokovanih gojaznošću nije u potpunosti razjašnjen. Zato je cilj naše studije da se ispita uticaj gojaznosti na serumski nivo MK kod žena u postmenopauzi. Metode: U ovom istraživanju je bilo uključeno 100 predgojaznih/gojaznih žena u postmenopauzi. Svim ispitanicama su izvršena antropometrijska merenja, koja su obuhvatila merenje telesne visine, telesne mase i obima struka. Indeks telesne mase je izračunat. Određivani su sledeći biohemijski parametri: MK, glikemija, (insulinska rezistencija [HOMA-IR]), lipidni status, cistatin C, retinol - vezujući protein (RBP4) i visokosenzitivni C-reaktivni protein. Rezultati: Podelom MK na tercilne vrednosti, uočene su najveće vrednosti antropometrijskih parametara, HOMA-IR, RBP4, cistatina C i krvnog pritiska u grupi sa najvišim vrednostima MK. Primenom višestruke linearne regresije, najveći uticaj na varijabilitet MK pokazao je obim struka (Beta=0,414; p lt 0,001), zatim cistatin C (Beta=0,300; p lt 0,001), (R2=0,467; p lt 0,001). Zaključak: Abdominalna gojaznost je važna determinanta povišenih vrednosti MK kod žena u postmenopauzi. Bolje razumevanje mehanizama koji dovode do hiperurikemije i disfunkcije masnog tkiva u gojaznosti, kao što su poremećena regulacija adipocitokina i hronična inflamacija, te otkrivanje dodatnih terapijskih ciljeva, može biti od velikog značaja u lečenju komplikacija gojaznosti

Korelacija fibrinogena sa kardiometaboličkim faktorima rizika kod predgojaznih/gojaznih žena u postmenopauzi

Higher fibrinogen levels may play an important role in cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women. Previous studies have reported its higher levels in obese individuals, as compared with normal weight counterparts. However, the mechanism of the relationship between fibrinogen and cardiometabolic risk factors is not well elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to examine this relationship in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 100 overweight/obese postmenopausal women were included in this study. Blood pressure and anthropometric parameters: height, weight and waist circumference were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated in all participants. Biochemical parameters: fibrinogen, glycemia, (insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated) and lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides/HDLcholesterol ratio, non-HDL-cholesterol) were determined. Results: After dividing patients according to tertile values of fibrinogen concentration, significant increase in BMI (P=0.039), waist circumference (P=0.002), insulin (P=0.005), HOMA-IR (P=0.006), triglycerides (P=0.001), triglycerides/HDL-c ratio (P=0.002) and non-HDL-c (P=0.014) were found in the second and the third fibrinogen tertile, as compared with the first, the lowest level fibrinogen tertile. In multiple linear regression analysis, HOMAIR (Beta=0.225; p=0.007) and triglycerides (Beta=0.188; p=0.023), (R2=0.213; p lt 0.001) were the best predictors of higher fibrinogen level. Conclusion: Fibrinogen may be a useful marker in determining cardiovascular risk in obese postmenopausal women.Visoke vrednosti fibrinogena mogu imati važnu ulogu u nastanku kardiovaskularnih bolesti, koje su vodeći uzrok smrtnosti kod žena u postmenopauzi. Ranije studije su pokazale više vrednosti fibrinogena kod gojaznih, u poređenju sa normalno uhranjenim osobama. Ipak, nedovoljno je rasvetljen mehanizam povezanosti fibrinogena sa kardiometaboličkim faktorima rizika koji prate gojaznost. Zato je cilj ove studije bio da se ispita ova povezanost u populaciji predgojaznih/gojaznih žena u postmenopauzi. Metode: U ovom istraživanju je bilo uključeno 100 predgojaznih/gojaznih žena u postmenopauzi. Svim ispitanicama meren je krvni pritisak i izvršena su antropometrijska merenja koja su obuhvatila merenje telesne visine, telesne mase i obima struka; izračunat je i indeks telesne mase (ITM). Određivani su sledeći biohemijski parametri: fibrinogen, glikemija, (insulinska rezistencija (HOMA-IR) je izračunata), lipidni status (ukupni holesterol, trigliceridi, LDL-holesterol, HDL-holesterol, odnos trigliceridi/HDL-holesterol, non-HDL-holesterol). Rezultati: Podelom fibrinogena na tercilne vrednosti, u drugoj i trećoj tercilnoj grupi uočene su više vrednosti ITM (P=0,039), obima struka (P=0,002), insulina (P=0,005), HOMA-IR (P=0,006), trigliceridi (P=0,001), odnos trigliceridi/HDL-holesterol (P=0,002) i non- HDL-holesterol (P=0,014) u poređenju sa prvom tercilnom grupom, tj. grupom sa najnižim vrednostima fibrinogena. Primenom višestruke linearne regresije, najveći uticaj na varijabilitet fibrinogena pokazali su HOMA-IR (beta=0,225; p=0,007) i nivo triglicerida (beta=0,188; p=0,023), (R2=0,213; p lt 0,001). Zaključak: Fibrinogen može biti koristan marker za procenu kardiometaboličkog rizika kod gojaznih žena u postmenopauzi

Bioavailable testosterone is independently associated with Fatty Liver Index in postmenopausal women

Introduction: Previous studies have examined the correlation between hyperandrogenemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in women and showed contradictory results. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between testosterone level and Fatty Liver Index (FLI), as a surrogate marker for NAFLD, in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Material and methods: A total of 150 postmenopausal women were included in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as blood pressure, were obtained. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is assessed by FLI, an algorithm based on body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides and gamma-glutamyl transferase, as a simple and accurate predictor of hepatic steatosis. Women were divided into three groups (FLI lt 30, n = 80; 30 = FLI lt 60, n = 44; FLI = 60, n = 26). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance was calculated. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the best model consisted of 4 parameters (e.g., bioavailable testosterone (beta = 0.288, p = 0.001), log HOMA-IR (beta = 0.227, p = 0.005), log high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (beta = 0.322, p lt 0.001), and retinol-binding protein 4 (beta = 0.226, p lt 0.001)). Adjusted R-2 for the best model was 0.550, which means that as much as 55.0% of variation in FLI could be explained with this model. Conclusions: Bioavailable testosterone is independently associated with FLI in postmenopausal women

Urban air pollution caused by the emission of PM10 from the small household devices and abatement measures

This paper is focusing on particulate matter (PM10 ) as the one of the main pollutants in the urban environments, and the one of the main sources of PM emissions are small household furnaces. This paper shows a part of the results of the research related to measurements of the ambient concentrations of aerosols and definition of the sources of the pollution in one part of Banja Luka city area, with dominant private households. Spatial and seasonal variability of concentrations indicates a significant contribution of biomass and fossil fuel burning as well as specific meteorological conditions. By using positive matrix factorization, technique chemical composition data for PM10 were analysed in order to identify the possible sources and estimate their contribution to PM mass. A biomass combustion devices were identified as the one of dominant PM10 emission sources during the winter season, because highly determined correlation between PM10 and potassium content. From the other side, the results of the project “Typology of Residential Buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, were used as a tool for prediction and quantification of influence of the household’s appliances on the pollution as well as for definition of the possible measures for reduction for this specific location. This approach took in consideration spatial distribution of buildings, but also their type, which can give the opportunity to estimate their present energy needs and predict improvements, which can lead to reduction of the PM10 pollution at the end. On that base, some recommendations for the improvements were analysed

Tipologija stambenih zgrada Bosne i Hercegovine = Typology of residential buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Most significant research in the field of the energy efficiency and the residential building stock in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In a two-year intensive endeavor a team of dedicated experts from mechanical and architecture faculties of the country created the first ever database of the energy characteristics and potential refurbishment models of the entire residential building stock: The Residential Building Typology of Bosnia and Herzegovina. By following the widely acknowledged European TABULA methodology (Typology Approach of Building Stock for Energy Efficiency Assessment) for this research, Bosnia and Herzegovina is now also part of a group of 14 EU-countries and Serbia, which uses this approach to collect and cluster data for strategic analysis and decision making in the energy efficiency sector. In this book you will find an extensive analysis of the country's housing stock, its classification, the status quo of energy characteristics of 29 different representative building types and two levels of refurbishment models per type