Smart implants for mucoperiosteal tissue expansion in cleft palate defects

Cleft lip and palate are the most common craniofacial malformations, affecting one in every 500 to 700 live births, thus accounting for about 220,000 new cases each year worldwide with tremendous variations across geographic areas, ethnic groups and socioeconomic status. Affected children have a range of both functional and aesthetic problems comprising of feeding difficulties due to incomplete oral seal, swallowing, nasal regurgitation, respiratory problems, hearing difficulties due to abnormalities in the palatal musculature, and speech impairments due to air escape and articulations problems. The surgery can solve the problems, but the two major factors which determine a good surgical outcome and its assessment are the interpretation of the actual size of the cleft and generation of periosteal tissue to close the defect. The surgeons faced a challenge to measure the cleft size due to wide diversity in methodologies employed which resulted in improper estimation of the deficient palatal tissue and thus resulted contradictory results in measuring outcomes such as occlusion or midface skeletal development. We have introduced the vomer edge for establishing a validated 3D measuring method for the width, area and height of the true cleft with reproducible landmarks for easy and accurate measurement of the outcomes in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients. The passive plate therapy provided to UCLP patients gave favourable anatomical conditions for subsequent surgical palatal repair in patients by alleviating the problems of tissue deficiency to some extent. We therefore adopted periosteal tissue distraction osteogenesis as potential treatment strategy to target the tissue deficiency while using the magnetic forces to exert necessary strain. In our study, we have assessed whether the dental magnets have the potential to act as a device to generate mucoperiosteal tissue in UCLP. We have used in-silica approach in the form of 3D FE-model and found that strain levels in the palatal segments of the cleft for the load cases do reach 1500 µstrain limit, a requirement for bone formation, according to the mild overload window of the Mechanostat theory proposed by Harold Frost. We further examined the forces, which reach threshold for regeneration of the hard and soft tissue volumes along the cleft edges in both UCLP and BCLP by means of periosteal distraction. We found that a 5N attraction force could initiate generation of soft and hard tissues along the cleft edges in in-silico model within the optimal biological limits

Image Automatic Categorisation using Selected Features Attained from Integrated Non-Subsampled Contourlet with Multiphase Level Sets

A framework of automatic detection and categorization of Breast Cancer (BC) biopsy images utilizing significant interpretable features is initially considered in discussed work. Appropriate efficient techniques are engaged in layout steps of the discussed framework. Different steps include 1.To emphasize the edge particulars of tissue structure; the distinguished Non-Subsampled Contourlet (NSC) transform is implemented. 2. For the demarcation of cells from background, k-means, Adaptive Size Marker Controlled Watershed, two proposed integrated methodologies were discussed. Proposed Method-II, an integrated approach of NSC and Multiphase Level Sets is preferred to other segmentation practices as it proves better performance 3. In feature extraction phase, extracted 13 shape morphology, 33 textural (includes 6 histogram, 22 Haralick’s, 3 Tamura’s, 2 Graylevel Run-Length Matrix,) and 2 intensity features from partitioned tissue images for 96 trained image

Why Indians vote: reflections on rights, citizenship and democracy from a Tamil Nadu village

This paper contributes to an empirical and theoretical understanding of democracy and political participation in India through an ethnographic study of the meanings attached to voting in rural Tamil Nadu. Based on a study of voting in a rural constituency during the 2009 national elections, the paper explores the variety of motivations that compel people to vote. It explores how voting is informed by popular understandings of rights and duties as citizens, programmatic policies and their local implementation, commitment to caste and party loyalties, and authority of charismatic leaders. The paper explores the roots of the political consciousness and rights awareness that underpin high levels of electoral participation. It suggests that elections form unique moments that allow ordinary people to experience an individual sense of citizenship and of democracy itself while at the same time allowing them to pursue projects of recognition, respect and assertion as members of communities. It is precisely this dual feature that makes voting so enduringly attractive to India's contemporary electorate

Energy performance of cookstoves and emission factors in rural areas of Eastern Indo Gangetic Plains (EIGP)

Biomass consumption, energy performance of cookstoves and emission factor of cattle dung cake, used as a main source of energy, in EIGP was evaluated. Average biomass consumption was recorded as 2.46 kg/capita/day indicating 1.5-fold higher fuel consumption in the region compared to other parts of the country. Use of improved cookstove could, however, save 13% biomass use compared to traditional stove besides 32.5 kJ of energy for cooking of one kg of food. On average, 56.70–67.75 kJ of human energy is required to prepare one kg of cattle dung cake. Of the total energy requirements, women folk contribute the maximum (>45%), followed by male counterpart (>30%) and rest is shared by children of 9–12 years of age. Labour energy expenditure was, however, significantly low for cattle dung cake preparation compared to energy involved in firewood collection. Emission factors for hazardous gaseous pollutants ranged from 464.30–548.80, 19.1–34.30 and 0.981–1.455 g/kg, respectively, for CO2, CO and HC. With increasing ratio of crop biomass, the emission factor for CO2 decreased, irrespective of biomass used. Based on the biomass consumption and emission factors for pollutants, lentil stalk and paddy straw have been found suitable substrate for cattle dung cake preparation

ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF ASPARAGUS GONOCLADOS BAKER AGAINST CHOLESTEROL DIET INDUCED HYPERLIPIDAEMIA IN RATS.

Objective: To evaluate the antihyperlipidemic potential of the Ethanolic Extract of Root tubers of Asparagus gonoclados (EERAG) in cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of six each. Group-I served as normal control. Groups II to V were given 5% cholesterol diet for 3 months to induce hyperlipidaemia, and for last 28 days were administered either: 0.5ml water/saline for Group- I; cholesterol diet (5%) for Group-II; Standard drug Rosuvastatin (20mg/kg body weight) for Group-III; A .gonoclados extract at 250 mg/kg bodyweight for Group-IV and 500mg/kg body weight for Group-V. The effects of EERAG on serum lipid profile, Body Weight and antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase) were assessed and compared. Results: Cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemic rats showed an significant (P<0.001) increase in the plasma concentration of Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), Body weight and decrease in High Density Lipoproteins Cholesterol (HDL-c) and antioxidant enzymes when compared to normal control rats. Co-administration of EERAG and standard drug Rosuvastatin with high cholesterol diet caused a significant decrease (p<0.001) in the concentration of serum TC, VLDL, TG, body weight and increase in the HDL-c and antioxidant enzymes when compared with cholesterol fed control rats. Conclusion: The result suggests lipid lowering and antioxidant potential of effect of A. gonoclados, which serves as a new potential herbal product for preventing hyperlipidaemia

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ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF ASPARAGUS GONOCLADOS BAKER AGAINST CHOLESTEROL DIET INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIA IN RATS.

Objective: To evaluate the antihyperlipidemic potential of the Ethanolic Extract of Root tubers of Asparagus gonoclados (EERAG) in cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of six each. Group-I served as normal control. Groups II to V were given 5% cholesterol diet for 3 months to induce hyperlipidemia, and for last 28 days were administered either: 0.5ml water/saline for Group- I; cholesterol diet (5%) for Group-II; Standard drug Rosuvastatin (20mg/kg body weight) for Group-III; A.gonoclados extract at 250 mg/kg bodyweight for Group-IV and 500mg/kg body weight for Group-V. The effects of EERAG on serum lipid profile, Body Weight and antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase) were assessed and compared. Results: Cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemic rats showed an significant (P<0.001) increase in the plasma concentration of Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) and body weight. Decrease in High Density Lipoproteins Cholesterol (HDL-c) and antioxidant enzymes were observed when compared to normal control rats. Co-administration of EERAG and standard drug Rosuvastatin with high cholesterol diet caused a significant decrease (p<0.001) in the concentration of serum TC, VLDL, TG, body weight and increase in the HDL-c and antioxidant enzymes when compared with cholesterol fed control rats. Conclusion: The result suggests lipid lowering and antioxidant potential of effect of A. gonoclados, which serves as a new potential herbal product for preventing hyperlipidemia

Management of post midface distraction occlusal discrepancy using temporary anchorage devices in a cleft patient

Open bite deformity following a successful midface advancement by distraction osteogenesis is a common complication. Temporary anchorage devices can be deployed during the distraction and post-distraction settling phases for restoring the occlusion even in severe cases. The following report describes the management of severe anterior open bite following maxillary distraction

One-pot Lewis acid assisted synthesis of indole-3-sulfonamide and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-sulfonamide using Burgess reagent in a microwave reactor

Indole-3-sulfonamides and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-sulfonamides have served as useful derivatives for development of useful therapeutics and agrochemicals. An efficient one-pot yet two step synthesis of these key derivatives was developed using a modified Burgess reagent and Lewis acids under microwave reaction conditions. A systematic study to optimize the synthetic yield of indole-3-sulfonamide, and subsequent application of the developed reaction condition for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives is reported in this paper