Instruments of mineral deposit safeguarding in Poland, Slovakia and Czechia - Comparative analysis

Mineral deposits are essential for the economic, technological and social development. However, to enable them to play an appropriate role in the process of sustainable development, they need to be safeguarded in a comprehensive and systemic manner in the same measure as other elements of the environment. The practice of securing access to areas where the mineral deposits can be found is based on the statement that they can be extracted only in places where they occur. This fact defines the type and scope of instruments for safeguarding prospective deposit areas of minerals and their documented deposits. These issues gained in significance in the EU level in recent years however views on this subject across the Member States still vary. The paper subjects instruments of mineral deposit safeguarding used in Poland, Slovakia and Czechia to the analysis and multi-criteria comparative assessment. It recommends their division into the conceptual, legal, spatial planning and economic ones. As a result of studies, similarities and differences in the approach to mineral deposit safeguarding in individual countries are shown, indicating good practices and suggesting possible changes. The analysis revealed many analogies in actions aimed at mineral deposit safeguarding in individual countries, however the assessment of their effectiveness and implementation points at the necessity of taking further steps to increase deposit safeguarding.Web of Science102art. no. 1

Potential benefits and constraints of development of critical raw materials' production in the EU: analysis of selected case studies

ABSTRACT: Major benefits and constraints related to mineral extraction within the EU have been identified on the examples of selected critical raw materials’ deposits. Analyzed case studies include the following ore deposits: Myszków Mo-W-Cu (Poland), Juomasuo Au-Co (Finland), S. Pedro das Águias W-Sn (Portugal), Penouta Nb-Ta-Sn (Spain), Norra Kärr REEs (Sweden) and Trælen graphite (Norway). They represent different stages of development, from the early/grassroot exploration stage, through advanced exploration and active mining, up to reopening of abandoned mines, and refer to different problems and constraints related to the possibility of exploitation commencement. The multi-criteria analysis of the cases has included geological and economic factors as well as environmental, land use, social acceptance and infrastructure factors. These factors, in terms of cost and benefit analysis, have been considered at three levels: local, country and EU levels. The analyzed cases indicated the major obstacles that occur in different stages of deposit development and need to be overcome in order to enable a new deposit exploitation commencement. These are environmental (Juomasuo and Myszków), spatial (Juomasuo) as well as social constraints (Norra Kärr, Juomasuo). In the analyzed cases, the most important constraints related to future deposit extraction occur primarily at a local level, while some important benefits are identified mainly at the country and the EU levels. These major benefits are related to securing long-term supplies for the national industries and strategically important EU industry sectors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Role of Mineral Raw Materials Education in a Social License to Operate—A Case of Poland

The Social License to Operate (SLO), understood as the consent of a wide group of stakeholders to mining activities, has become an important element in the process of obtaining a mining license in recent years. Such a pattern of increasing importance is common, both in Poland and throughout the EU. Therefore, it should be of key importance to prevent society’s reluctance to this industry. The article indicates that a very important tool in this matter should be reliable and knowledge-based raw materials education, carried out as early as at the stage of school education. Deficiencies in this respect were revealed through a survey conducted among children and youth up to 15 years of age. The results of the survey were discussed in the context of the development of raw materials education in Poland, which results indicate should focus on emphasizing the benefits of mining, both in terms of the general public and individuals. Shaping and strengthening the mineral raw materials awareness of the inhabitants of Poland is also of key importance for the implementation of standards for the protection of mineral deposits and ensuring the country’s resource security

Mineral deposits in spatial planning systems : review of European practices

Many European Union countries successfully integrated their mineral policy and spatial policy, which has ensured the proper place of mineral deposits in their spatial planning systems. These, in turn, are widely recognized as the most important mineral deposit safeguarding tool, the essence of which is to ensure long-term access to its resources. The examples of Austria, Portugal, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Sweden and United Kingdom, discussed in the paper, are often mentioned as examples of good practices in this area. Although none of these countries managed to avoid cases of social and environmental conflicts related to mining activities, the solutions they implement certainly deserve special attention. And for many countries, including Poland, they can be a potential source of solutions aimed at improving the protection of mineral deposits

Uwarunkowania geologiczne zagospodarowania terenu poprzemysłowego Zakładów Metalurgicznych Trzebinia w Trzebini /

Promotor: Andrzej Paulo.Recenzent: Anna Pasieczna, Andrzej Greinert.Niepublikowana praca doktorska.Praca doktorska. Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska. Katedra Analiz Środowiskowych, Kartografii i Geologii Gospodarczej, 2014.Bibliogr. k. 170-183.Typologia terenów poprzemysłowych, sytuacja prawna terenów poprzemysłowych ZMT, tereny poprzemysłowe w Polsce, warunki geologiczne obszaru ZMT I, położenie geograficzne i morfologia, budowa geologiczna i warunki wodne, budowa geologiczna podłoża ZMT I, warunki geologiczno-inżynierskie, warunki wodne, charakterystyka terenu poprzemysłowego Zakładów Metalurgicznych Trzebinia ZMT I, historia Zakładów Metalurgicznych Trzebinia, surowce główne i pomocnicze, odpady i ich składowanie, ewolucja zagospodarowania terenu poprzemysłowego Zakładów Metalurgicznych Trzebinia ZMT I i jego otoczenia, charakterystyka geochemiczna terenu poprzemysłowego ZMT i na tle Górnego Śląska, szczegółowe badania geochemiczne Górnego Śląska, rozpoznanie geochemiczne terenu poprzemysłowego ZMT I, prace terenowe, prace laboratoryjne, prace kameralne, standardy jakości gleb w ujęciu krajowym i europejskim, analiza rozkładu zawartości pierwiastków, pierwiastki główne, metale ziem alkalicznych, pierwiastki rozproszone, pierwiastki niemetaliczne, metale nieżelazne i szlachetne, metale stopowe żelaza, wybrane parametry fizyko-chemiczne gruntów, współczynnik korelacji Pearsona, ocena zanieczyszczenia gruntu na podstawie wskaźników geochemicznych, wskaźniki geochemiczne, ocena stopnia zanieczyszczenia środowiska gruntowego obszaru bada

Extraction and import : structure of covering the oil demand in Poland during 1990-2017

From the beginning of the 20th century until the interwar period, Poland was at the forefront of crude oil producers in the world, and then in Europe. Poland, as a result of war damage, and first of all territorial changes that occurred after World War II, lost significant resources of this raw material. At the same time, the development of oil demand, related to the economic recovery of the country, contributed to the need to develop imports, which during 1990-2017 increased from 13.0 million tons to over 24.0 million tons of crude oil. Poland, due to the technical configuration of domestic refineries, as well as the availability of the "Przyjaźń” pipeline, imports crude oil mainly from Russia. However, Polish refineries have the opportunity to develop alternative sources of supply through the availability of Naftoport in Gdańsk. Thus, the progressive diversification of supplies, causes a decline in the share of Russian oil (from 95% during 2001-2005 to 74% in 2017), for the benefit of raw material from the Middle East, but also North America or other European countries. The extraction of crude oil from domestic deposits increased in the analyzed period from 0.15 million tons to 0.94 million tons in 2017, but in recent years it covers only 3-4% of domestic demand

Kształtowanie brył krajobrazowych w przestrzeni wybranych miast Górnego Śląska

Przestrzeń miast Górnego Śląska jest kształtowana przede wszystkim mnogością terenów przemysłowych, wśród których istotne znaczenie odgrywają miejsca składowania odpadów wydobywczych z górnictwa węgla kamiennego. Odzysk ich poprzez kształtowanie brył krajobrazowych, mających pełnić funkcje głównie rekreacyjne, jest praktykowany przez wiele kopalń węgla kamiennego. Uporządkowanie i roz­szerzenie terenów zielonych ułatwi stworzenie nowej przestrzeni wypoczynko­wej, a właściwe wykorzystanie potencjału miejsca i jego charakterystycznych elementów przyczynić się może do stworzenia nowych symboli miasta

The Role of Poland in the European Union Supply Chain of Raw Materials, Including Critical Raw Materials

The EU’s demand for numerous mineral raw materials is growing intensively, while the security of their supplies (mostly form outside the EU) is often at high risk. This is especially the case for critical raw materials (CRMs). Poland is now and may be in the future the most important supplier of numerous mineral raw materials to other EU countries. This is especially the case for coking coal, copper, silver and elemental sulfur. This article briefly evaluates the current and future possibilities for the supply of these raw materials from Poland to the EU market

Safeguarding of Key Minerals Deposits as a Basis of Sustainable Development of Polish Economy

Secure and sustainable supply of minerals is important for the stable development of a country’s economy, as well as the global economy. Poland’s economic performance—as a dynamically developing country—is also largely dependent on the availability of minerals and security of their supplies both from internal sources and form imports. In Poland, 42 key minerals—i.e., those of fundamental importance for the proper functioning of the economy and satisfying the living needs of the society—have been recently indicated. From among them, 19 key minerals have been recognized by authors as having a proven resource base in Poland and—on the other hand—having moderately- or strongly growing domestic consumption trends. An assessment of the mineral resource base for their production, a sufficiency of the resources of developed deposits, as well as possible means of undeveloped deposits safeguarding were analyzed and discussed. It was found that the long-term needs of the Polish industry can be satisfied only for some of them: coking coal, copper, and silver, as well as numerous industrial and construction minerals. Moreover, existence of a sufficient resource base and appropriate means of their safeguarding may potentially have a significant impact on Poland’s and Europe’s minerals security, in particular regarding several minerals for which Poland is an important supplier to the European market, i.e., coking coal, copper, silver, and elemental sulfur

The Role of Poland in the European Union Supply Chain of Raw Materials, Including Critical Raw Materials

The EU’s demand for numerous mineral raw materials is growing intensively, while the security of their supplies (mostly form outside the EU) is often at high risk. This is especially the case for critical raw materials (CRMs). Poland is now and may be in the future the most important supplier of numerous mineral raw materials to other EU countries. This is especially the case for coking coal, copper, silver and elemental sulfur. This article briefly evaluates the current and future possibilities for the supply of these raw materials from Poland to the EU market