English Phraseology in Teaching: Interrelation of Theory and Practice

AbstractPhraseological units absorb values of the ages in which it lives. The problem of understanding the meaning of a phraseological unit is linked with a possibility of increasing our knowledge about the world diachronically. The authors underline the importance of phraseological studies as it demonstrates the interrelation between the language and the society. The role of phraseological units as specific structures in forming vocabulary and linguacultural competence of students is very significant because they encapsulate a national, country's cultural outlook. Usage-based theories of language learning suggest that phraseology must be studied as a part of vocabulary. Teaching phraseology is a part of cultural approach in foreign teaching methodology and arranging vocabulary studying though structure of component meaning is linguistic approach. This article begins by establishing a theoretical framework to help find the answer to the question: “what do the words in a phraseological unit mean?”. From there, major phraseological concepts on the problem are reviewed. Complex methodology is applied: method of phraseological identification, semantic analysis. Finally, the article concludes with a discussion of four types of word-components in phraseological units: real words; potential words; “former” words; “ghost-words and possible paths for future research

Representação do lenguaje del concepto "britishess" en el discurso de medios británicos post-brexit

The aim of the article is to analyze the concept “Britishness”, peculiarities of its language representation in the situation of the post Brexit policy in the modern British media discourse. It can be presented by a number of semantic meanings which find their expression in specific contexts determined by the basic task of Media language, i.e. to transfer information not only objectively but in accordance with particular attitudes and beliefs. In today’s British society the concept “Britishness” is a key element in the system of British cultural values.El objetivo del artículo es analizar el concepto "británico", peculiaridades de su representación del lenguaje en la situación de la política post-Brexit en el discurso mediático británico moderno. Puede presentarse mediante varios significados semánticos que encuentran su expresión en contextos específicos determinados por la tarea básica del lenguaje de los medios, es decir, transferir información no solo objetivamente sino de acuerdo con actitudes y creencias particulares. En la sociedad británica actual, el concepto "británico" es un elemento clave en el sistema de valores culturales británicos.O objetivo do artigo é analisar o conceito "britânico", peculiaridades de sua representação da linguagem na situação da política pós-Brexit no discurso moderno da mídia britânica. Pode ser apresentado através de vários significados semânticos que encontram expressão em contextos específicos determinados pela tarefa básica da linguagem da mídia, isto é, a transferência de informações não apenas objetivamente, mas de acordo com atitudes e crenças particulares. Na sociedade britânica de hoje, o conceito "britânico" é umelemento-chave no sistema britânico de valores culturais

Optical Pulling and Pushing Forces via Bloch Surface Waves

Versatile manipulation of nano- and microobjects underlies the optomechanics and a variety of its applications in biology, medicine, and lab-on-a-chip platforms. For flexible tailoring optical forces, as well as for extraordinary optomechanical effects, additional degrees of freedom should be introduced into the system. Here, we demonstrate that photonic crystals provide a flexible platform for nanoparticles optical manipulation due to both Bloch surface waves (BSWs) and the complex character of the reflection coefficient paving a way for complex optomechanical interactions control. We demonstrate that appearance of enhanced pulling and pushing transversal optical forces acting on a single bead placed above a one-dimensional photonic crystal due to directional excitation of Bloch surface wave at the photonic crystal interface. Our theoretical results, which are supported with numerical simulations, demonstrate angle or wavelength assisted switching between BSW-induced optical pulling and pushing forces. Easy-to-fabricate for any desired spectral range photonic crystals are shown to be prospective for precise optical sorting of nanoparticles, especially for core-shell nanoparticles, which are difficult to sort with conventional optomechanical methods. Our approach opens opportunities for novel optical manipulation schemes and platforms and enhanced light-matter interaction in optical trapping setups

Optomechanical manipulation with hyperbolic metasurfaces

Auxiliary nanostructures introduce additional flexibility into optomechanical manipulation schemes. Metamaterials and metasurfaces capable to control electromagnetic interactions at the near-field regions are especially beneficial for achieving improved spatial localization of particles, reducing laser powers required for trapping, and for tailoring directivity of optical forces. Here, optical forces acting on small particles situated next to anisotropic substrates, are investigated. A special class of hyperbolic metasurfaces is considered in details and is shown to be beneficial for achieving strong optical pulling forces in a broad spectral range. Spectral decomposition of the Green functions enables identifying contributions of different interaction channels and underlines the importance of the hyperbolic dispersion regime, which plays the key role in optomechanical interactions. Homogenised model of the hyperbolic metasurface is compared to its metal-dielectric multilayer realizations and is shown to predict the optomechanical behaviour under certain conditions related to composition of the top layer of the structure and its periodicity. Optomechanical metasurfaces open a venue for future fundamental investigations and a range of practical applications, where accurate control over mechanical motion of small objects is required