Are University Swimming Pools Safe? A Model to Predict the Number of Injuries in Pennsylvania University Swimming Pools

Aquatic facilities can end up paying a large amount of compensation as a result of a charge of negligence. There are two main purposes of this study. The first was to use survey methodology to identify the number of injuries that occur in the swimming pools at Pennsylvania state universities and, as a result, to develop a model to predict the number of injuries that may occur in a university swimming pool. Second, the researchers wanted to gain insight from a sample of aquatic directors into the concerns they have managing their aquatic facilities. Multiple linear regression and ANOVA statistics, along with face-to-face interviews and on-site visits/observations were used for this study. Thirty-three universities (71.7%) of the online survey respondents claimed that they had a risk management manual or plan on–site. The researchers visited a total of 14 state owned universities’ swimming pools in Pennsylvania to examine the pool facilities and evaluate risk management practices within their aquatics facilities. When researchers inquired about what procedures the managers followed when they found an unsafe condition in their facility, 10 out of 14 aquatic directors (71.42%) said that they did not have any standard procedures that they followed. Site observations not only provided a clear picture for the researchers in understanding how aquatic directors operate their swimming pools but also helped the researchers to identify several false risk management practices, such as rusted pool side drain covers, broken, tiles, and blocked exit doors, etc. The effectiveness of the model is appropriate in the application of predicting the number of potential swimming pool injuries at the university level. This is valuable statistical information for the aquatic director to obtain and analyze to determine which risk alterations need to occur within the facility management in order to reduce the number of potential injuries

Organizational Support and Communication: A Case Study of a New Risk Management Tool for University Aquatic Supervision

Research of in-service training and risk management strategies suggests that there are dysfunctions among employees that have a lack of team understanding about risk management and risk plans (Ammon & Brown, 2007; Hsiao & Kostelnik, 2009). Furthermore, theorists who study the dynamics of employee-employer relationships provide evidence that strong interpersonal support fosters a healthy staff mentality with regard to organizational goal commitment (Eisenburger et al. 1986). A seven-point Likert questionnaire was administered to 15 student lifeguards at one Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education Division II institution. Twenty-four questions identified three dependent variables, two relating to organizational support and one relating to communication about risk management. Pearsons correlation coefficients were used to identify strong relationships between aspects of the Organizational Support Theory and a newly developed set of questions, the scale for Communicating about Risk Management (CRM); this questionnaire identifies to what degree employees hear their supervisor communicating about risk management plans and practices. The current research showed strong correlations between several variables. For example, there was a strong, positive correlation (r = .75, p = .001), between the following two variables, a perception that an organization shows concern for an employee is associated with safety audits that are being performed by the supervisor while an employee is on duty

Factors That Affect the Usage of Fitness and Recreation Centers by Students on College Campuses

Abstract This study analyzed factors that influence why students attend or not attend fitness and recreation centers provided to them on campus. With the obesity epidemic growing over the past decades, it has consequentially affected a vast majority of the nation, including the college-age population. The use of fitness and recreation centers on college campuses and universities has become a focal point for administrators and recreation center managers. This study utilized an online questionnaire that assessed fitness and recreation center usage within the college population. The survey used assessed factors related to college students' usage or non-usage of campus recreational facilities. It was distributed to a random sample of 1,100 undergraduate students at a university through their student e-mail account. Results from the data collected revealed that users were more likely to be male, Caucasian, non-smokers, and have no health concerns. Factors related to usage of the recreational facilities included maintaining one's current weight as well as weight loss. Factors that influenced occasional non-usage in the user group were lack of time and energy, too much schoolwork, and inadequate facility operational hours. A factor related to nonusage included proximity of the recreational facility in relation to the students' living arrangements

Quantifying and Analyzing Microfiber Pollution in the Salt Creek Watershed

Research in the field of microfiber pollution is important in understanding the types and quantity of plastic pollution that contaminate in watersheds around the world. Synthetic microfibers, such as polyester, rayon, acrylic, and nylon are present in clothing, blankets, rugs and other items. The shedding of plastic microfibers from these materials, especially in laundry water, has led to water and sediment contamination in watershed and surface water. In order to understand the microfiber pollution in the local Lake Michigan watershed known as the Salt Creek watershed, research is being carried out on water and sediment samples from specific locations. Salt Creek flows into Lake Michigan and carries water discharged from wastewater treatment plants in Valparaiso and South Haven. Water samples (500 mL) and sediment samples have been collected and processed to isolate and identify synthetic microfibers. Water samples were filtered according to total suspended solids (TSS) methodology and sediment samples were subjected to a density gradient to separate floating or suspended materials, including the microfibers from the sediment. All samples were further processed using the Fenton reagent, which generates oxidative radicals that break down natural materials. Synthetic microfibers are not reactive. Microfiber standards were created from clothing of different materials to verify the efficiency of the lab procedures and were processed alongside the water samples. The majority of the collected water and sediment samples contained microfibers. This information is being analyzed in context with sources of synthetic microfibers to understand the presence and distribution in the local Lake Michigan watershed

Quantifying and Analyzing Microfiber Pollution in the Salt Creek Watershed

Research in the field of microfiber pollution is important in understanding the types and quantity of plastic pollution that contaminate in watersheds around the world. Synthetic microfibers, such as polyester, rayon, acrylic, and nylon are present in clothing, blankets, rugs and other items. The shedding of plastic microfibers from these materials, especially in laundry water, has led to water and sediment contamination in watershed and surface water. In order to understand the microfiber pollution in the local Lake Michigan watershed known as the Salt Creek watershed, research is being carried out on water and sediment samples from specific locations. Salt Creek flows into Lake Michigan and carries water discharged from wastewater treatment plants in Valparaiso and South Haven. Water samples (500 mL) and sediment samples have been collected and processed to isolate and identify synthetic microfibers. Water samples were filtered according to total suspended solids (TSS) methodology and sediment samples were subjected to a density gradient to separate floating or suspended materials, including the microfibers from the sediment. All samples were further processed using the Fenton reagent, which generates oxidative radicals that break down natural materials. Synthetic microfibers are not reactive. Microfiber standards were created from clothing of different materials to verify the efficiency of the lab procedures and were processed alongside the water samples. The majority of the collected water and sediment samples contained microfibers. This information is being analyzed in context with sources of synthetic microfibers to understand the presence and distribution in the local Lake Michigan watershed

Quantifying and Analyzing Microfiber Pollution in the Salt Creek Watershed

Research in the field of microfiber pollution is important in understanding the types and quantity of plastic pollution that contaminate in watersheds around the world. Synthetic microfibers, such as polyester, rayon, acrylic, and nylon are present in clothing, blankets, rugs and other items. The shedding of plastic microfibers from these materials, especially in laundry water, has led to water and sediment contamination in watershed and surface water. In order to understand the microfiber pollution in the local Lake Michigan watershed known as the Salt Creek watershed, research is being carried out on water and sediment samples from specific locations. Salt Creek flows into Lake Michigan and carries water discharged from wastewater treatment plants in Valparaiso and South Haven. Water samples (500 mL) and sediment samples have been collected and processed to isolate and identify synthetic microfibers. Water samples were filtered according to total suspended solids (TSS) methodology and sediment samples were subjected to a density gradient to separate floating or suspended materials, including the microfibers from the sediment. All samples were further processed using the Fenton reagent, which generates oxidative radicals that break down natural materials. Synthetic microfibers are not reactive. Microfiber standards were created from clothing of different materials to verify the efficiency of the lab procedures and were processed alongside the water samples. The majority of the collected water and sediment samples contained microfibers. This information is being analyzed in context with sources of synthetic microfibers to understand the presence and distribution in the local Lake Michigan watershed

Quantifying and Analyzing Microfiber Pollution in the Salt Creek Watershed

Research in the field of microfiber pollution is important in understanding the types and quantity of plastic pollution that contaminate in watersheds around the world. Synthetic microfibers, such as polyester, rayon, acrylic, and nylon are present in clothing, blankets, rugs and other items. The shedding of plastic microfibers from these materials, especially in laundry water, has led to water and sediment contamination in watershed and surface water. In order to understand the microfiber pollution in the local Lake Michigan watershed known as the Salt Creek watershed, research is being carried out on water and sediment samples from specific locations. Salt Creek flows into Lake Michigan and carries water discharged from wastewater treatment plants in Valparaiso and South Haven. Water samples (500 mL) and sediment samples have been collected and processed to isolate and identify synthetic microfibers. Water samples were filtered according to total suspended solids (TSS) methodology and sediment samples were subjected to a density gradient to separate floating or suspended materials, including the microfibers from the sediment. All samples were further processed using the Fenton reagent, which generates oxidative radicals that break down natural materials. Synthetic microfibers are not reactive. Microfiber standards were created from clothing of different materials to verify the efficiency of the lab procedures and were processed alongside the water samples. The majority of the collected water and sediment samples contained microfibers. This information is being analyzed in context with sources of synthetic microfibers to understand the presence and distribution in the local Lake Michigan watershed

Clinical importance of acquired cystic disease of the kidney in patients undergoing dialysis.

From 1976 to 1982 five patients undergoing haemodialysis at Oxford Renal Unit suffered serious complications from acquired cystic disease of the kidney and two died as a direct result. Clinical features seen were pain, haematuria, palpable renal enlargement, massive haemorrhage, resolution of anaemia, and metastatic malignancy. The clinical histories emphasise the features of a disease that is likely to assume increasing importance in patients undergoing haemodialysis