Effets d’un acide fort sur la réaction de la DPPH avec deux huiles essentielles de deux plantes aromatiques acclimatées au Togo

Des études ont montré que les extraits de certaines plantes médicinales ainsi que leurs huiles essentielles (HE) sont sources de substances bioactives avec de potentiels antioxydants remarquables. L’objectif de ce travail est l’étude de l’influence du milieu réactionnel sur l’action des HE des plantes, de O. basilicum et O. gratissimum acclimatées au Togo, sur la 2,2-diphényl-1-picrylhydrazyle. Les constituants chimiques des HE sont identifiés par la chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Le test de réduction de la 2,2-diphényl-1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) et celui de réduction de l’ion ferreux Fe2+ (FRAP) sont utilisés pour déterminer la capacité antioxydante. Les propriétés antioxydantes des HE ont été mises en évidence par la recherche de l’intensité colorante (IC50) et la détermination de l’équivalent en Fe2+ des solutions testées. L’introduction d’un acide fort (acide chlorhydrique) influence les paramètres cinétiques. Les huiles essentielles étudiées contiennent le thymol et l'eugénol et sont anti oxydants. Toutefois, en se référant à la classification de Sanchez-Moreno, ces huiles essentielles ont un pouvoir anti-radicalaire faible. Dans l’intervalle de concentrations étudié [0,025-0,1] M, la réaction est accélérée les cinq premières minutes avec un taux de conversion, comme la vitesse de réaction très élevés. Le mécanisme (electron transfer – proton transfer) est prédominant. L’augmentation de la concentration en HCl et le temps ont favorisé le mécanisme SPLET. Cette étude a montré que les huiles essentielles étudiées ont un pouvoir anti-radicalaire faible mais, elles ont des vitesses de réaction intermédiaires avec la DPPH.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: O. basilicum et O. gratissimum, DPPH, antioxydant, facteurs cinétiques, huiles essentiellesEnglish Title: Effects of a strong acid on the reaction of DPPH with two essential oils from two aromatic plants acclimatized in TogoEnglish AbstractStudies have shown that extracts of certain medicinal plants as their HE are sources of bioactive substances with potential remarkable antioxidants. The objective of this work is to study the influence of the reaction medium on the essential oils, O basilicum and O gratissimum, from Togo, their action on 2,2-dipheny-1-picrylhydrazyl. The chemical constituents of essential oils are identified using gas chromatography. The reduction tests with DPPH and reduction of Fe2+ ion (FRAP) are used to determine the antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant properties of the essential oils are shown up by the detection of colored intensity (IC50) and by the determination of Fe2+ ion equivalent in the solutions. The addition of a strong acid (HCl) influences the kinetic parameters. The studied essential oils contain thymol and eugenol and are antioxidants. Although, based on the Sanchez-Moreno classification, these essential oils have weak antiradical activity. Within the studied concentration range from 0.025M to 0.1M, the reaction runs fast in the first five minutes as well as a high reaction speed. The mechanism (electron-proton transfer) is predominant. Increasing time and HCl concentration favored SPLET mechanism. This study showed that essential oils studied have low anti-radical power, but they have intermediate reaction rates with DPPH.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: O. basilicum, O. gratissimum, DPPH, antioxidant, kinetic factors, essential oil

Maize Fungal Growth Control with Scopoletin of Cassava Roots Produced in Benin

The chemical contamination of food is among the main public health issues in developing countries. With a view to find new natural bioactive products against fungi responsible for chemical contamination of staple food such as maize, the antifungal activity tests of scopoletin extracted from different components of the cassava root produced in Benin were carried out. The dosage of scopoletin from parts of the root (first skin, second skin, whole root, and flesh) was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The scopoletin extract was used to assess the activity of 12 strains (11 strains of maize and a reference strain). The presence of scopoletin was revealed in all components of the cassava root. Scopoletin extracted from the first skin cassava root was the most active both as inhibition of sporulation (52.29 to 87.91%) and the mycelial growth (36.51–80.41%). Scopoletin extract from the cassava root skins showed significant inhibitory activity on the tested strains with fungicide concentration (MFC) between 0.0125 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL. The antifungal scopoletin extracted from the cassava root skins may be well beneficial for the fungal control of the storage of maize

Nematicidal activity of some essential plant oils from tropical West Africa

Plant parasitic nematodes are among the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide and their control is very challenging. Plant essential oils (EOs) have showed a great potential in nematode control. In this work, EOs from 10 aromatic plants acclimatized in Togo were assessed in vitro for their nematicidal activity on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. EOs were subsequently analyzed by GC-MS and compounds were tested individually on nematodes. The most potent EOs were: Ocimum sanctum L., Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume with EC 50/72h values of 282 ± 53, 288 ± 30 and 355 ± 126 mg/L, respectively. The EC 50/48h values of tested compounds were 81 ± 14, 117 ± 33, 128 ± 42, 141 ± 47, 168 ± 40, 216 ± 86 and 235 ± 43 mg/L for cinnamyl acetate, methyl eugenol, cinnamyl alcohol, acetyl eugenol, isoeugenol, eugenol and benzyl benzoate, respectively. Furthermore, we found a synergistic nematicidal activity when we combined phenylpropanoids compounds with carvone. EOs and their constituents described herein merit further studies, especially in pot experiments before serving as nematicides