A Newly Emerging Ethical Problem in PGIS : Ubiquitous Atoque Absconditus and Casual Offenders for Pleasure

Thanks to the recent technological advances of cellular phones, the practical realization of GeoAPI and SNS, and the consolidation of wireless LAN networks, hardware has become capable of providing portable highspeed Internet access and interactive SNS, and people can now easily communicate far more, casually and unboundedly, via the Internet. Currently, PGIS studies mainly look at the ‘sunny side’ of GIT progress. Although there are also relevant studies on online ethics, they rely unduly on spontaneously arising equilibrium innervated by mutual surveillance among the people involved. However, it is an over-optimistic and ingenuous perception regarding this exponential technological advance. In this paper, the author illustrates the existence of ‘casual offenders for pleasure’ by referring to two recent online cyberbullying incidents. Because the appreciation of technology-aided ubiquitous mapping can be very hard to see or to grasp, especially for people not educated and trained to see it, the advances prompt people to nonchalantly lower technical and ethical barriers. Further studies are essential to establish the geographic information ethics and offer a clear-cut answer for this newly emerging problem

Constraints on Inflation Models from Supersymmetry Breakings

Effects of soft SUSY-breaking terms on inflation potentials are discussed. There exist generic constraints that must be satisfied in order not for the inflaton potential to loose its flatness. We examine explicitly the constraints in the case of a hybrid inflation model and find that the coupling constant \lambda between the inflaton and the ``water-fall-direction'' field is bounded as 2.0 \times 10^{-6} < \lambda. This is a highly non-trivial result. Indeed, if we adopt the severest constraint from avoiding the problem of the gravitinos produced non-thermally, \lambda < 7.4 \times 10^{-6} is required, under a reasonable assumption on the reheating process. This means that the hybrid inflation model marginally has a viable parameter space. We also discuss analogous constraints on other inflation models.Comment: 12 pages, 1 ps figure, minor correctio