A Meaning-Based Approach to the Language of the TOEFL test and Japanese EFL Textbooks: A Functional Analysis of Patterns of Lexico-Grammatical Meanings and Structures

The primary objective of this research project is to show varying degrees of textual and semantic contributions that semantic density and grammatical metaphors make in the way that TOEFL iBT reading sections and Japanese EFL textbooks are used. This research is conducted from two theoretical perspectives within the theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics. The first analysis is to investigate logical and semantic relationships within clause complexes in order to identify structural variations and their textual distributions. The second analysis focuses on the use of ideational and interpersonal grammatical metaphors and on the way that they further compact or untangle textual meanings. This second analysis allows the researcher to unpack the semantic features and their density of lexico-grammatical meanings within each lexical item. The results from these analyses show a lexico-grammatical gap between the two language materials in terms of the density of grammatical metaphors distributed in the data sets. The findings may have the potential to be applied to Japanese EFL educational settings as one meaning-based perspective distinct from the current form-based EFL pedagogical practice

チオノカルバミンサンエステルトソノカンレンカゴウブツノイチブンシテキネツハンノウニカンスルケンキュウ

京都大学0048新制・論文博士理学博士乙第1372号論理博第263号新制||理||107(附属図書館)2297UT51-45-B484(主査)教授 後藤 良造, 教授 国近 三吾, 教授 大杉 治郎, 教授 加治 有恒学位規則第5条第2項該当Kyoto UniversityDA

High-entropy effect at rare-earth site in DyNi

We report the structural and magnetic properties of RNi (R=Dy, Tb$_{1/3}$Dy$_{1/3}$Ho$_{1/3}$, and Gd$_{1/5}$Tb$_{1/5}$Dy$_{1/5}$Ho$_{1/5}$Er$_{1/5}$) to investigate the high-entropy effect at the rare-earth site. The lattice parameters are almost unchanged by the increase of configurational entropy, which is due to the successive partial substitution of Dy by pair of rare earth elements located on both sides of Dy in the periodic table. All compounds exhibit ferromagnetic ground states. The replacement of Dy with Tb+Ho, which does not have magnetic interactions in competition with Dy, does not affect the magnetic ordering temperature. Although (Gd$_{1/5}$Tb$_{1/5}$Dy$_{1/5}$Ho$_{1/5}$Er$_{1/5}$)Ni shows the Curie temperature close to that of DyNi, an additional magnetic anomaly, which would be a spin reorientation, is observed probably due to the introduction of competing magnetic interactions between R=Gd and Er compounds and R=Tb, Dy, and Ho ones. We have also assessed the magnetocaloric effect, and the configurational entropy dependence of the magnetic entropy change reflects that of the temperature derivative of the magnetic susceptibility. Our analysis suggests the possibility of enhancing magnetocaloric properties by designing the anisotropy of rare-earth magnetic moments in the high-entropy state.Comment: to be published in AIP Advance

Inverted type bulk-heterojunction organic solar cell using electrodeposited titanium oxide thin films as electron collector electrode

金沢大学理工研究域物質化学系We developed an inverted type bulk-heterojunction organic solar cell with 1 cm2 active area using a fluorine-doped tin oxide/electrodeposited amorphous (TiOx) or anatase (TiO2) titanium oxide electrode instead of the low work-functional electrode such as Al. The cell with TiO2 showed the power conversion efficiency (η) of 2.5% by irradiating AM 1.5-100 mW cm- 2 simulated sunlight. While, the performance of the cell with TiOx was almost maintained in an ambient atmosphere under continuous light irradiation of 10 h, although slightly small initial η value of 2.1% was observed. Crown Copyright © 2008