A post-traumatic stress disorder among internally displaced people in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

IntroductionDespite the prevalence of post-traumatic disorder in internally displaced persons, which is well established, and the fact that respective international organizations are working on the issues, little attention is given in the context of sub-Saharan Africa, This study aims to review the available data about the prevalence and determinants of post-traumatic stress disorders among internally displaced people in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsStudies published in the English language that have a clear outcome of interest and are available in full text were included. Six electronic databases were searched to identify published studies on the prevalence and determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder among IDPs in sub-Saharan Africa. This includes PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, PsychInfo, and the Web of Science. All relevant studies till June, 2023 were assessed. The review was done as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA-2009) and registered on PROSPERO (CRD420222997111).ResultsOriginally, 33,138 articles were found in six databases, and finally, eleven studies were reviewed. The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in sub-Saharan African countries was disproportionately presented in this review, ranging from 12.3% in Central Sudan to 85.5% in Nigeria. From a total of 11 studies, eight of them reported more than 50% of the magnitude of post-traumatic stress disorder, pointing to a higher magnitude of the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorders in the region. The study identified numerous factors that contributed to post-traumatic stress disorder among the internally displaced population. Female gender, depression, anxiety, stress, being single, low level of educational status, experiencing or witnessing traumatic events, and psychological trauma were evidenced for their association with post-traumatic stress disorder.ConclusionThese results demonstrate a higher prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder compared to other regions of the world. The participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, including age, being single, being female, and a low level of education, were identified as factors contributing to PTSD. Moreover, the review identified that depression, anxiety, and experiencing or witnessing traumatic events were also influencing factors for PTSD among IDPs. The concerned bodies need to reinforce the monitoring and evaluation of the mental health programs of IDPs in the region.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=299711, CRD42022299711

Lärares syn på jämställdhet, genus och könsroller i skuggan av mångkulturalism och identitetssökning hos invandrarungdomar från Mellanöstern

Syfte:Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka vad patriarkalisk uppfostran har för roll i utkristalliseringen av synen på genusfrågan, könsroller och jämställdhet hos elever från Främre orienten enligt intervjuade pedagoger. Vi vill även med detta arbete få vetskap om vilka pedagogiska metoder modersmålslärare och andra pedagoger använder för att implementera den svenska värdegrunden och ge dessa elever en uppfostran i riktning mot jämställdhet och demokrati. Teori: Social konstruktivism är vår tolkningsbas och till den fogar vi begreppet multi-kulturalism samt en diskussion om vikten av flerspråkiga och multikulturella kunniga pedagoger i skolan. Metod: Vårt arbete bygger på en kvalitativ undersökning i form av intervjuer. De om-fattar sex lärare, som alla tjänstgör i Trollhättans stad och är geografiskt ut-spridda på tre olika invandrartäta grundskolor, varav fyra modersmålslärare, en mentor till årskurs nio och en klasslärare årskurs åtta.Resultat:Vi har i vår studie fått mycket värdefulla och positiva indikationer på att våra informanter arbetar i en sådan riktning som skapar goda förutsättningar för att kunna uppnå en syntes mellan olika kulturer inom ramen för jämställdhet och demokrati. Elever och föräldrar lär sig att respektera och acceptera människors olikheter, något som även Bunar och Lahdenpäre förespråkar i multikulturalitetens och interkulturalitetens spår

Physical and Chemical Characterization of Coffee Husk Ash Effect on Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete Production

Today researchers all over the world are focusing on ways of utilizing either industrial or agricultural wastes as a source of raw materials for the construction industry. This is used to minimize the emission of CO2 during the manufacturing of cement. One of the agricultural waste products is coffee husk which is found in large amounts in Ethiopia. This paper aims to characterize the physical and chemical properties of Coffee Husks Ash (CHA) by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) tests, and also the experiment were conducted to determine the compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of the material and durability tests were determined. The result have shown that, when the replacement percent further increases, the crystalline material increases, silicate concentration decreases, and also the micro pores or air void are increases, which may lead to decreasing the strength of concrete. In the case of mechanical property of concrete, there has  been remarkable increment up to 5% CHA replacement and also strongly satisfied up to 10% replacement, furthermore increasing CHA replacement up to 20% are optimum dosage of normal concrete mix production of C-25 concrete. Finally, water absorption and sulfate attack of partially replaced concrete is shown as an improvement in the durability of concrete. &nbsp

Investigating the Role of Gender and Employment in the Relation between Existential Crisis and Life Expectancy of the Students at Allameh Tabataba’i University

Aim: This study is aimed at investigating the role of employment in the relation between existential crisis and life expectancy of the students at Allameh Tabataba’i University. Methodology: This study is of description – correlation nature. The statistical population is composed of two groups of employed and unemployed boys and girls who are master’s degree candidates at this university. The research sample comprises 200 subjects including 118 girls and 92 boys selected using convenience sampling method. In order to gather the data, life expectancy questionnaire (Simpson) and existential crisis questionnaire (Ahmadi and Dastgheib) were adopted. In order to analyze the data, Pearson correlation test was also employed for identifying the relation between the variables and Z-test was administered for demonstrating the intermediary role of gender. Results of Pearson correlation test suggest that there is a significant relation between existential crisis and life expectancy of boys and girls (sig. p<0.01). Results of Z-test indicate that people’s gender has no effect on the relation between their existential crises, life expectancies and attitude towards job but is effective in employment status. Conclusion: There is a significant relation between people’s existential crisis and life expectancy – the factors which influence people’s employment and unemployment

Implementation of evidence-based practice and its correlates among nurses working in southern Ethiopia

Background: Evidence-based utilization is crucial for improving overall patient care quality, nursing practice, and building trust in decision-making with patient preferences to solve clinical challenges in patient care, but its practice is relatively low. Objective: To assess the implementation of evidence-based practice (IEBP) and its correlates among nurses working in west Arsi zone public hospitals, Ethiopia. Method: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed using structured, interviewer-administered, pretested data from June 1 to July 30, 2022 and entered into epidata version 4.4.1 statistical software and exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. Results: A total of 385 nurses responded the questionnaire, with 100 % response rate. Majority of participants 194 (50.4 %) were females with mean age of 32.02 (SD ± 6.8) years. The overall mean implementation of EBP among nurses was found to be 11.4 ± 8.53. Attitude, self-efficacy, working in referral hospital, being diploma in the level of education (β: −3.925; 95 % CI:(-6.399- (-1.451), knowledge of nurses toward EBP (β: 1.213; 95 % CI: 0.989–1.438) and availability of job rotation (β: 3.475; 95 % CI: 1.20–3.750) were significantly associated with the mean score of EBP utilization at a p-value ≤ 0.001. Conclusion: A significant proportion of nurses use evidence-based practice infrequently. Knowledge, Attitude, self-efficacy, hospital level, level of education, and availability of job rotation, were the variables that contributed to the low utilization of evidence-based practice. It is recommended that integrating EBP training into nursing education curricula, establishing EBP training workshops, and research mentorship programs at the workplace are needed

Role of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in risk stratification in patients presenting in the emergency room

Background: Natriuretic peptides are promising markers in diagnosing acute and chronic heart failure and assessing prognosis in these patients. Increasing routine use to unselected patients is challenged by false-positive results. The aims of this study were to assess (a) the distributions of N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) values in various diagnostic groups, (b) factors that influence NT-proBNP, and (c) the value of NT-proBNP in risk stratification in unselected emergency room (ER) patients.\ud Methods: NT-proBNP was measured in 876 unselected consecutive patients [mean (SD) age, 58 (18) years; 53% male] attending the ERs of 2 university hospitals and 1 community hospital. Diagnoses, age, sex, hemoglobin, creatinine (CREA), C-reactive protein (CRP), troponin T, and intensity of care were documented. In a subset consisting of all 417 patients at 1 center, in-hospital follow-up was completed with respect to a complicated clinical course, including intensive care treatment and death.\ud Results: NT-proBNP was significantly increased in patients with cardiac diagnoses or histories compared with patients with only pulmonary or other diagnoses. In patients with other diagnoses, NT-proBNP values increased significantly with the number of atherosclerotic risk factors (P = 0.044). Age, renal function, CRP, and to a much lesser extent, hemoglobin significantly influenced NT-proBNP values. The amount of care was positively correlated with NT-proBNP (P <0.001). Classification and regression tree analysis showed a superior impact of NT-proBNP for identification of high-risk patients.\ud Conclusions: NT-proBNP is a promising marker for identification of patients with structural heart disease in the ER and a suitable tool for risk stratification. Its use in the ER should be limited to clearly clinically defined patient groups at present to avoid a potential excess of additional diagnostic procedures in positive but asymptomatic patients

Clinical, Histopathological, and Prognostic Characteristics of Patients with Prostate Cancer in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo

Introduction. Prostate cancer is currently a public health problem with a frequency that varies from country to country. This study aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological and outcome features of prostate cancer in Lubumbashi in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Materials and Methods. This was a descriptive longitudinal study of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer at the University Clinics of Lubumbashi. The study period was 3 years (2017 to 2019). Parameters studied were age and clinical, biological (PSA level, prostatic specific antigen), histopathological, and outcome features. Results. The mean age of patients was 68.7 years (range: 47 and 90 years). The 60 to 69 age group was the most affected (43.18%). Elderly subjects (≥60 years old) represented 89.77% of the cases (n = 79). Voiding disorders were the main reason for consultation in 55.68% of the cases. The mean PSA level was 133.7 ng/ml (range: 4 and 1564.5 ng/ml) at diagnosis and 125.4 ng/ml after 3 months of follow-up (range: 0.16 and 1782.1 ng/ml). Adenocarcinoma was the predominant histological type (100%). In prognosis, 31.82% of patients had a Gleason score greater than 7 and 59.10% had a high risk at the D’Amico risk classification for Prostate Cancer. Hormone therapy was administered alone in 75% of the cases and in combination with pulpectomy in 13.64% of the cases. The 3-year overall survival was 56.82%. Conclusion. Prostate cancer is frequent and has a poor outcome in our country. The establishment of an individual screening policy would be an undeniable advantage in improving the prognosis