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Not AvailableIdentification of climate-smart nutrient management practices will overcome the ill effects of extreme climate variability on agricultural production under projected climate change scenarios. The rice–wheat cropping system is the major system used in India: using long-term yield data from Integrated Nutrient Management experiments on this system, the present study analysed trends in weather parameters and grain yield under different nutrient management practices. Twelve treatments with different combinations of inorganic (chemical fertilizer) and organic (farmyard manure (FYM), green manure (GM) and crop residue) sources of nutrients were compared with farmers’ conventional practices. A significant increasing trend was noticed for rainfall during the rice season at Kalyani and Navsari, of the order of 137·7 and 154·2 mm/decade, respectively. The highest increase in maximum temperature was seen at Palampur (1·62 °C/decade) followed by Ludhiana (1·14 °C/decade). At all the sites except Ludhiana and Kanpur, the yield of the rice–wheat system showed an increasing trend ranging from 0·08 t/ha/year in Jabalpur to 0·011 t/ha/year in Navsari, under the recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer application. A significant decreasing trend of 0·055 t/ha was found in Ludhiana. For most of the sites, a combination of half the recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer and either FYM or GM to provide the remainder of the N required was sufficient to maintain productivity. The top three climate-resilient integrated nutrient management practices were identified for all the study sites. Thus, the present study highlights the adaptive capacity of different integrated nutrient management practices to rainfall and temperature extremes under rice–wheat cropping system in distinctive agro-ecological zones of India.Not Availabl

Operative and early results of coronary artery bypass grafting in female patients in different body mass indexes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Female gender has been reported to be an independent risk factor for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in European System for Cardiac Risk Evaluation. The effect of the body size on the CABG outcome is less clear. There is ongoing debate about obesity as a risk factor for adverse outcomes after cardiovascular procedures. The goal of this retrospective study is to evaluate the in hospital and early postoperative outcomes in severe obese, obese and normal-slightly obese female patients after CABG.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In a four year period a total of 427 female patients underwent isolated CABG under cardiopulmonary bypass. The patients were allocated into three groups according to the Body Mass Index (BMI) as follows; group 1: severe obese patients; BMI > 35, group 2: obese patients; 30≤BMI≤35, group 3: normal-slightly obese patients; BMI < 30</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The patients in group 3 were older than the group1 and group 2 (65,6 ± 8,3 year vs 63,01 ± 8,0 and 63,57 ± 8,4 year p < 0,05). In group 1 diabetic patients were more than in group 2 and group 3 respectively (54,4% vs 43,4% and 40%, p < 0,05). Urgent operation was more in group 1 than in group 2 and 3 respectively (37,6% vs 17,2% and 21,2% p < 0,05). The patients in group 3 had significantly greater postoperative drainage at 24 h compared with values in group 1 and group 2 (647 ± 142 ml vs. 539 ± 169 ml and 582 ± 133 ml, p < 0,05). Mortality rate in group 1 was 0,8%, 0% in group 2 and 1,2% in group 3 respectively. Wound problem has occured in 41 patients (9,6%).The percentage of postoperative wound problems was higher in group 1 but did not show statiscially difference. Following discharge a total of 43 (10,1%) patients re-hospitalized within 30 days. Re-hospitalization rate was 16,1% in group1, 9,8% in group 2 and 6,5% in group 3 (p < 0,05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study may give an aspect for evaluations of the inhospital-early mortality and morbidity after CABG in female patients in different BMI. Severe obesity is not a risk factor in-hospital mortality in female patients. However, severe obese female patients appear to have more wound problems and re-hospitalization rate after CABG compared to obese and normal-slightly obese patients.</p