32 research outputs found

    Apport de l'autoconservation de sperme dans la prise en charge des oligozoospermies extrĂȘmes (Ă©tude rĂ©trospective Ă  propos de 75 patients)

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    LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Telomere Length, a New Biomarker of Male (in)Fertility? A Systematic Review of the Literature

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    Male factors are suspected in around half cases of infertility, of which up to 40% are diagnosed as idiopathic. In the context of a continuously increased resort to ART and increased decline of semen parameters, it is of greatest interest to evaluate an additional potential biomarker of sperm quality. According to PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review of the literature selected studies evaluating telomere length in sperm and/or in leukocytes as a potential male fertility biomarker. Twenty-two publications (3168 participants) were included in this review of experimental evidence. For each study, authors determined if there was a correlation between telomere length and semen parameters or fertility outcomes. Of the 13 studies concerning sperm telomere length (STL) and semen parameters, ten found an association between short STL and altered parameters. Concerning the impact of STL on ART results, the data are conflicting. However, eight of the 13 included studies about fertility found significantly longer sperm telomeres in fertile men than in infertile men. In leukocytes, the seven studies reported conflicting findings. Shorter sperm telomeres appear to be associated with altered semen parameters or male infertility. Telomere length may be considered as a new molecular marker of spermatogenesis and sperm quality, and thus is related to male fertility potential. However, additional studies are needed to define the place of the STL in the assessment of individual fertility

    L'acrosome : Développement et comparaison entre espÚces, apport d'un cas familial de globozoospermie

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    L'acrosome spermatique est connu pour son rĂŽle dans la fĂ©condation dans la grande majoritĂ© des espĂšces animales Ă©tudiĂ©es. On peut estimer l'apparition de l'acrosome, contemporaine de l'avĂšnement d'une fĂ©condation hors du milieu aquatique. La composition chimique de l'acrosome ainsi que son mode d'excrĂ©tion pourraient le faire considĂ©rer comme un simple lysosome. Cela serait nier son important rĂŽle morphogĂ©nique dans la spermiogenĂšse. En effet, son dĂ©veloppement est Ă©troitement liĂ© Ă  celui de la manchette et de son systĂšme microtubulaire. GrĂące aux rĂ©centes donnĂ©es de mutagenĂšse animale, la biogenĂšse de l'acrosome dĂ©voile pas Ă  pas ses mĂ©canismes. La globozoospermie, tĂ©ratozoospermie humaine rare mais cause d'infertilitĂ© sĂ©vĂšre, est caractĂ©risĂ©e par des tĂȘtes spermatiques globuleuses, dĂ©pourvues d'acrosome. Elle est l'illustration d'un dĂ©faut de biogenĂšse acrosomiale. RĂ©cemment, l'Ă©tude gĂ©nĂ©tique d'une famille prĂ©sentant des frĂšres globozoospermiques et des frĂšres fertiles a permis la mise en Ă©vidence d'une mutation du gĂšne SPATA16 responsable Ă  l'Ă©tat homozygote du phĂ©notype de globozoospermie. Cette Ă©tude ajoute une protĂ©ine Ă  la liste de celles impliquĂ©es dans la formation de l'acrosome humain

    Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in men with hereditary hemochromatosis

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    RĂ©sumĂ© L’HĂ©mochromatose HĂ©rĂ©ditaire est. une maladie gĂ©nĂ©tique qui Ă©volue en silence. Son diagnostic est. souvent fait tardivement, au stade des complications. MĂȘme si son incidence diminue, l’Hypogonadisme Hypogonadotrope (HH) est. l’une des complications classiques de l’HĂ©mochromatose. Ceci est. probablement le rĂ©sultat d’un diagnostic plus prĂ©coce, d’une meilleure information des mĂ©decins. Certains symptĂŽmes en lien avec l’HH, peuvent avoir un impact sur la sexualitĂ© (diminution de la libido, dysfonction Ă©rectile ou troubles de l’éjaculation
) ainsi que sur la reproduction. Cette revue repose sur une recherche online en langue anglaise, française et allemande de publications disponibles sur PubMed/Medline, jusqu’au 23 sept. 2016 Ă  partir des mots clĂ©s suivants: infertilitĂ© masculine, hypogonadisme hypogonadotrope, HĂ©mochromatose HĂ©rĂ©ditaire. Trente quatre publications ont satisfait aux critĂšres de sĂ©lection. Cet article de revue dĂ©crit l’impact d’une surcharge en fer sur la fertilitĂ© masculine, notamment via l’Hypogonadisme Hypogonadotrope qu’elle induit et propose des modalitĂ©s de traitement

    Ovarian Telomerase and Female Fertility

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    International audienceWomen’s fertility is characterized both quantitatively and qualitatively mainly by the pool of ovarian follicles. Monthly, gonadotropins cause an intense multiplication of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte. This step of follicular development requires a high proliferation ability for these cells. Telomere length plays a crucial role in the mitotic index of human cells. Hence, disrupting telomere homeostasis could directly affect women’s fertility. Strongly expressed in ovaries, telomerase is the most effective factor to limit telomeric attrition and preserve ovarian reserve. Considering these facts, two situations of infertility could be correlated with the length of telomeres and ovarian telomerase activity: PolyCystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), which is associated with a high density of small antral follicles, and Premature Ovarian Failure (POF), which is associated with a premature decrease in ovarian reserve. Several authors have studied this topic, expecting to find long telomeres and strong telomerase activity in PCOS and short telomeres and low telomerase activity in POF patients. Although the results of these studies are contradictory, telomere length and the ovarian telomerase impact in women’s fertility disorders appear obvious. In this context, our research perspectives aimed to explore the stimulation of ovarian telomerase to limit the decrease in the follicular pool while avoiding an increase in cancer risk
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