Should Farmers Emphasize Wheat or Livestock in North Central South Dakota?

This STUDY was made in an attempt to give information on the relative monetary advantages of producing wheat or livestock as the main enterprise on farms in North Central South Dakota (Fig. 1). The area varies considerably in natural resources, selected sections being well adapted to wheat production while others are suited only for the production of livestock. There is little question what should be produced in such sections but in other parts it is debatable whether wheat or livestock production is the more profitable. Wheat production appears to have been relatively more profitable on many farms prior to 1930, causing an increase in the acreage, with the result that the section came to be known as the wheat area of the state, but there are some indications that such a designation may not be justified in the future: Will wheat production be the most profitable major enterprise in this area in the future or will the production of livestock replace it? Should farmers with a relatively large acreage of wheat continue their present organization or gradually shift to livestock production

Application of a passive electrochemical noise technique to localized corrosion of candidate radioactive waste container materials

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-74).by Margaret Antonia Korzan.M.S

Optogenetic activation of accessory olfactory bulb input to the forebrain differentially modulates investigation of opposite versus same-sex urinary chemosignals and stimulates mating in male mice

Surgical or genetic disruption of vomeronasal organ (VNO)-accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) function previously eliminated the ability of male mice to processes pheromones that elicit territorial behavior and aggression. By contrast, neither disruption significantly affected mating behaviors, although VNO lesions reduced males' investigation of nonvolatile female pheromones. We explored the contribution of VNO-AOB pheromonal processing to male courtship using optogenetic activation of AOB projections to the forebrain. Protocadherin-Cre male transgenic mice received bilateral AOB infections with channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2) viral vectors, and an optical fiber was implanted above the AOB. In olfactory choice tests, males preferred estrous female urine (EFU) over water; however, this preference was eliminated when diluted (5%) EFU was substituted for 100% EFU. Optogenetic AOB activation concurrent with nasal contact significantly augmented males' investigation compared to 5% EFU alone. Conversely, concurrent optogenetic AOB activation significantly reduced males' nasal investigation of diluted urine from gonadally intact males (5% IMU) compared to 5% IMU alone. These divergent effects of AOB optogenetic activation were lost when males were prevented from making direct nasal contact. Optogenetic AOB stimulation also failed to augment males' nasal investigation of deionized water or of food odors. Finally, during mating tests, optogenetic AOB stimulation delivered for 30 s when the male was in physical contact with an estrous female significantly facilitated the occurrence of penile intromission. Our results suggest that VNO-AOB signaling differentially modifies males' motivation to seek out female vs male urinary pheromones while augmenting males' sexual arousal leading to intromission and improved reproductive performance

Resource use in Thailand

Reprinted from Land Economics, November 1957, Vol. 33, No. 4.Criticism of countries such as Thailand because inefficient use seems to be made of their resources is implied in referring to them as underdeveloped. They are underdeveloped by western standards, but are they really underdeveloped within their own setting? It is well known they do not have the resources and technology of the United States. Yet many people wonder why they do not move forward rapidly, particularly when the leadership seems progressive, and considerable outside financial support is given them. There must be valid reasons. This paper will deal with two hypotheses: (1) that there is considerable logic in resource utilization in Thailand within the prevailing frame of reference, and (2) that progress in all likelihood will come slowly because improvements in education, communication, transportation, capital accumulation, and adjustments between the rural and urban labor forces will be unavoidably slow.Published November 1957. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

Social status regulates kisspeptin receptor mRNA in the brain of Astatotilapia burtoni

The brain controls reproduction in response to relevant external and internal cues. Central to this process in vertebrates is gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH1) produced in neurons of the hypothalamic-preoptic area (POA). GnRH1 released from the POA stimulates pituitary release of gonadotropins, which in males causes sperm production and concomitant steroid hormone release from the testes. Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide acting via the kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r), increases GnRH1 release and is linked to development of the reproductive system in mammals and other vertebrates. In both fish and mammals, kiss1r mRNA levels increase in the brain around the time of puberty but the environmental and other stimuli regulating kisspeptin signaling to GnRH1 neurons remain unknown. To understand where kiss1r is expressed and how it is regulated in the brain of a cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, we measured expression of a kiss1r homolog mRNA by in situ hybridization and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). We found kiss1r mRNA localized in the olfactory bulb, specific nuclei in the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon, as well as in GnRH1 and GnRH3 neurons. Since males\u27 sexual physiology and behavior depend on social status in A. burtoni, we also tested how status influenced kiss1r mRNA levels. We found higher kiss1r mRNA levels in whole brains of high status territorial males and lower levels in low status non-territorial males. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that Kiss1r regulates many functions in the brain, making it a strong candidate for mediating differences in reproductive physiology between territorial and non-territorial phenotypes. © 2010 Elsevier Inc

Behavioral and neuroendocrine correlates of displaced aggression in trout

In humans and other primates, violent actions performed by victims of aggression are often directed toward an individual or object that is not the original source of provocation. This psychological phenomenon is often referred to as displaced aggression. We demonstrate that displaced aggression is either rooted in evolutionarily conserved behavioral and neuroendocrine mechanisms, or represent a convergent pattern that has arisen independently in fish and mammals. Rainbow trout that briefly encountered large, aggressive fish reacted with increased aggression towards smaller individuals. There was a strong negative correlation between received aggression and behavioral change: Individuals subjected to intense aggression were subdued, while moderate assaults induced strong agitation. Patterns of forebrain serotonin turnover and plasma cortisol suggest that the presence of socially subordinate fish had an inhibitory effect on neuroendocrine stress responses. Thus, subordinate individuals may serve as stress reducing means of aggressive outlet, and displaced aggression towards such individuals appears to be a behavioral stress coping strategy in fishes

Oregon's agriculture is everybody's business

Published December 1964. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

How Oregon ryegrass seed growers view their price problems

Published December 1957. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

Oregon farms generate buying power : $176 million first step beyond the farm gate

Published May 1958. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo