84 research outputs found
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
Scientific relevance. Rotavirus disease and its consequences remain a leading vaccine-preventable cause of mortality in young children. Russia has not yet included rotavirus immunisation in the national vaccination schedule, but paediatric rotavirus vaccines are provided under several regional immunisation programmes.Aim. The authors aimed to review literature covering Russian clinical evidence of the safety and effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines and to analyse the prospects for the development of the national immunisation programme for young children using the available rotavirus vaccines and considering promising pipeline ones.Discussion. Local epidemiological studies on a range of pathogens suggest that rotaviruses are the most common cause of acute intestinal infections, especially in children under 3 years of age. Since Russiaβs first rotavirus vaccine approval in 2012, the healthcare system has acquired sufficient experience with rotavirus vaccines to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of rotavirus immunisation. Long-term monitoring of the rotavirus A genotypes circulating in the country shows that currently available rotavirus vaccines cover the majority of identified rotavirus isolates. Local observational studies confirm the favourable safety profile of rotavirus vaccines and demonstrate notable effectiveness of vaccination. In the regions with high immunisation coverage, the overall morbidity has declined dramatically in vaccinated children compared to unvaccinated children; some of these regions have reported only individual hospital visits or admissions for acute intestinal infections.Conclusion. This review demonstrates that rotavirus immunisation should be included in the Russian National Immunisation Schedule.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π ΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π² Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ.ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ 3 Π»Π΅Ρ, β Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ. Π‘ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (2012 Π³.) Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½, Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ», ΡΡΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½, Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅Ρ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΈ, Π° Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
β Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ―ΠΠΠ― Π ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ― Π Π«ΠΠΠΠ Π’Π Π£ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ―ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ’ΠΠΠ
This article discusses the use of balance of labour resources and population and labour resources movements balance for the assessment of the currentΒ and future state of regional labor markets and migration linkages in the regions of the Russian Arctic. The purpose of this article is to obtain projectionsΒ of the dynamics of the main indicators of balance of labour resources, structure and dynamics of population and labor resources of the Russian ArcticΒ regions. The study was performed in the methodology of balance of labour resources and population and labour resources movements balance. TheΒ model of population and labor resources movement, taking into account the repeated displacement of people is used. With account of the historicalΒ period we forecast the main parameters of population movements structure. The results of calculations on the example for the regions of the Asian andΒ European parts of the Russian Arctic is given. The main problems of the Arctic regions labor resources are identifi ed. The resulting estimates of prospectiveΒ changes in the structure of balance of labour resources, the most signifi cant sources of additional labor resources, changes to the importance of theseΒ sources. The article considers the trends of inter-regional movement of population and labor resources. The analysis of the main areas of origin andΒ regions of arrival is made. The main donor regions and the recipient regions for regions of the Russian Arctic are named. The analysis of structuralΒ imbalances on the regional labour markets is made. The contribution the Arctic regions in the magnitude of structural unemployment is measured. ItsΒ shown, which regions can be conventionally considered labor-surplus and-defi cient. The results of the study can be used in the development of regionalΒ employment programmes, the development and implementation of migration policy, the development of the forecast of labour resources balanceΒ sheet, and especially of the forecast of labour resources balance sheet for the regions of the Russian Arctic. The article presents recommendations forΒ improving tool of analysis and forecasting, measures of state social and economic policy are proposed that will enable more effi cient use of labourΒ resources in the Arctic, can use to solve problems of coordination of labor demand and its supply on regional labour markets more eff ectively.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Β Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ.Β ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ. Π‘ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΒ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.Β ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π°Π·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅Β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
Β ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ-Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΒ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Β Π°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΒ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ.Β Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ΄Π°
When workplace unionism in global value chains does not function well : exploring the impediments
Improving working conditions at the bottom of global value chains has become a central issue in our global economy. In this battle, trade unionism has been presented as a way for workers to make their voices heard. Therefore, it is strongly promoted by most social standards. However, establishing a well-functioning trade union is not as obvious as it may seem. Using a comparative case study approach, we examine impediments to farm-level unionism in the cut flower industry in Ethiopia. For this purpose, we propose an integrated framework combining two lenses, namely a vertical one (governance and structure of global value chains) and a horizontal one (socio-economic context). We identify 10 impediments that point to three major dimensions contributing to unionisation. These three dimensions include awareness of and interest from workers, legitimacy of trade unions, and capacity of trade unions to act. Furthermore, our results suggest that private social standards may, in certain cases, be counterproductive for the efficient functioning of trade unions. Although we argue that there is no βquick fixβ solution to weak workplace unionism at the bottom of global value chains, we stress the importance of considering the dynamics of, and interactions between, the impediments when designing potential support measures that mitigate negative impacts
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅βΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
Introduction. The creation of antenna-waveguide paths of multi-band mirror antennas (AWP MMA) is a significant task in the development of antenna-feeder devices for satellite communication systems (SSS). This task involves the construction of an adequate mathematical model of AWP MMA both without and with the implementation of an auto-tracking function built using the "frequency separation β polarization separation" method. However, the existing mathematical models have been developed only for specific AWP MMA types, thus making them unsuitable for the development of new AWP MMA. The model proposed in this paper can be used for an arbitrary number of combined frequency ranges and types of polarization.Aim. Development of a mathematical model of the AWP MMA of SSS both without and with the implementation of an auto-tracking function built using the "frequency separation β polarization separation" method.Materials and methods. The mathematical model under consideration assumes a description of the AWP MMA using block matrices. Each of these matrices describes the complex amplitudes of signals arising in each of the AWP MMA devices. This, in turn, makes it possible to analyze the influence of the parameters of each device on the characteristics of the AWP MMA of SSS as a whole with an arbitrary number of combined frequency ranges and types of polarization.Results. Two options for the construction of AWP MMA of SSS are proposed. The first option can be used in communication system antennas with software support, while the second option is applicable when a monopulse tracking method is implemented. To construct an AWP MMA model, it is proposed to use a matrix description of the characteristics of AWP MMA devices. This allows the structure of the considered AWP MMA to be varied within a wide range.Conclusion. The developed mathematical model makes it possible to describe the characteristics of each of the devices in the AWP MMA system using a certain multipole. The proposed model provides ample opportunities for controlling, at the stages of development, production and debugging, not only the characteristics of each device in the AWP MMA, but also the transmission coefficient and polarization isolation in each frequency range of the entire AWP MMA. The presented dependencies can be used to assess the relationship between parameter tolerances and the limits of changes in the characteristics of the motor vehicle.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
-ΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ (Π‘Π‘Π‘) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ (ΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ), ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π° "ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ β ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ". ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ Π‘Π‘Π‘ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π° "ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ β ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ".ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ. ΠΡΠΎ, Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π½Π° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ Π‘Π‘Π‘ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π²Π° Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ Π‘Π‘Π‘. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² Π‘Π‘Π‘ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ β Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ
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