46 research outputs found
Landau damping in thin films irradiated by a strong laser field
The rate of linear collisionless damping (Landau damping) in a classical
electron gas confined to a heated ionized thin film is calculated. The general
expression for the imaginary part of the dielectric tensor in terms of the
parameters of the single-particle self-consistent electron potential is
obtained. For the case of a deep rectangular well, it is explicitly calculated
as a function of the electron temperature in the two limiting cases of specular
and diffuse reflection of the electrons from the boundary of the
self-consistent potential. For realistic experimental parameters, the
contribution of Landau damping to the heating of the electron subsystem is
estimated. It is shown that for films with a thickness below about 100 nm and
for moderate laser intensities it may be comparable with or even dominate over
electron-ion collisions and inner ionization.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figure
Melting Point and Lattice Parameter Shifts in Supported Metal Nanoclusters
The dependencies of the melting point and the lattice parameter of supported
metal nanoclusters as functions of clusters height are theoretically
investigated in the framework of the uniform approach. The vacancy mechanism
describing the melting point and the lattice parameter shifts in nanoclusters
with decrease of their size is proposed. It is shown that under the high vacuum
conditions (p<10^-7 torr) the essential role in clusters melting point and
lattice parameter shifts is played by the van der Waals forces of
cluster-substrate interation. The proposed model satisfactorily accounts for
the experimental data.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² TiCβNiCr ΠΈ TiCβNiCrβEu2O3
The study covers coatings obtained on 40Kh steel substrates by electro-spark deposition (ESD) using TiCβNiCr and TiCβNiCrβ Eu2O3 electrodes. Coatings were deposited by the Alier-Metal 303 unit in argon environment under the normal pressure using direct and opposite polarity. The structure, elemental and phase composition of electrodes and coatings were studied using X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, and optical profilometry. Mechanical and tribological properties of coatings were determined by nanoindentation and testing according to the Β«pin-diskΒ» scheme including high-temperature conditions in the range of 20β500 Β°C. The tests conducted include abrasive wear tests using the Calowear tester, impact resistance tests using the CemeCon impact tester, and tests for gas and electrochemical corrosion resistance. Test results showed that electrodes contain titanium carbide, nickel-chromium solid solution, and europium oxide in case of a doped sample. Coatings exhibit the same phase composition but solid solution is formed on the iron base. Coatings with the Eu2O3 additive do not differ significantly in structural characteristics, hardness, friction coefficient, and exceed the base coatings in terms of their abrasive resistance, repeated impact resistance, heat and corrosion resistance. There was an increase in impact resistance by 1.2β2.0 times, a decrease in corrosion current by more than 20 times, and an oxidation index by almost 2 times during the transition to doped coatings.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ 40Π₯ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² TiCβNiCr ΠΈ TiCβNiCrβEu2O3. ΠΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Β«Alier-Metal 303Β» Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ Π°ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ Β«ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡβΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΊΒ», Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ 20β500 Β°Π‘. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π°Π±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Β«Calowear-testerΒ», ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Β«CemeCon impact-testerΒ» ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ Π² Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°. ΠΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Eu2O3 ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½- Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ, Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π°Π±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π² 1,2β2,0 ΡΠ°Π·Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² 20 ΡΠ°Π· ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² 2 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΌ
Guided electromagnetic discharge pulses driven by short intense laser pulses:Characterization and modeling
Strong electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) are generated from intense laser interactions with solid-density targets and can be guided by the target geometry, specifically through conductive connections to the ground. We present an experimental characterization by time- and spatial-resolved proton deflectometry of guided electromagnetic discharge pulses along wires including a coil, driven by 0.5 ps, 50 J, 1019 W/cm2 laser pulses. Proton-deflectometry allows us to time-resolve first the EMP due to the laser-driven target charging and then the return EMP from the ground through the conductive target stalk. Both EMPs have a typical duration of tens of ps and correspond to currents in the kA-range with electric-field amplitudes of multiple GV/m. The sub-mm coil in the target rod creates lensing effects on probing protons due to both magnetic- and electric-field contributions. This way, protons of the 10 MeV-energy range are focused over cm-scale distances. Experimental results are supported by analytical modeling and high-resolution numerical particle-in-cell simulations, unraveling the likely presence of a surface plasma, in which parameters define the discharge pulse dispersion in the non-linear propagation regime.</p
Guided Electromagnetic Discharge Pulses Driven by Short Intense Laser Pulses: Characterisation and Modelling
Strong electromagnetic pulses (EMP) are generated from intense laser
interactions with solid-density targets, and can be guided by the target
geometry, specifically through conductive connections to the ground. We present
an experimental characterization, by time- and spatial-resolved proton
deflectometry, of guided electromagnetic discharge pulses along wires including
a coil, driven by 0.5 ps, 50 J, 1e19 W/cm2 laser pulses. Proton-deflectometry
data allows to time-resolve first the EMP due to the laser-driven target
charging and then the return EMP from the ground through the conductive target
stalk. Both EMPs have a typical duration of tens of ps and correspond to
currents in the kA-range with electric-field amplitudes of multiple GV/m. The
sub-mm coil in the target rod creates lensing effects on probing protons, due
to both magnetic- and electric-field contributions. This way, protons of 10
MeV-energy range are focused over cm-scale distances. Experimental results are
supported by analytical modelling and high-resolution numerical
particle-in-cell simulations, unraveling the likely presence of a surface
plasma, which parameters define the discharge pulse dispersion in the
non-linear propagation regime
ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
Single-layer Ta-Si-C-N films on fused quartz substrates were made by direct current magnetron sputtering. The structural perfection of the film was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and optical emission spectroscopy of glow discharge. The optical parameters of the films were determined by the method of multi-angle spectrophotometry. Spectral dependences of the transmission coefficients of substrates and structures at normal light incidence in the wavelength range of 200β2500 nm are obtained. It is shown that the transmission spectrum of the sample has an oscillating character, which is caused by interference phenomena characteristic of layered structures. Spectral dependences of the reflection coefficients of films and substrates in the wavelength range of 200β2500 nm at small angles of incidence of light are obtained. By the magnitude of the difference between the reflection coefficient at the maximum of the interference of the film and the corresponding reflection coefficient of the substrate at the same wavelength, it is shown that the absorption in the film is low. A formula is obtained for determining the absorption coefficient of a film from the measured parameters. Based on the experimental data obtained, spectral dependences of the absorption coefficients of the substrate, structure and film are constructed. The method of reflection at two angles of incidence, based on the determination of the position of the interference extremes on the spectral dependences of the reflection coefficients, calculated discrete values of the refractive coefficients in the wavelength range 400β1200 nm. The obtained values are approximated by the Cauchy equation. The film thickness was calculated, which was d = 1046 nm Β± 13%. Spectral dependences of the film attenuation indices with and without reflection are constructed. A summary table is presented with the obtained values of the refractive coefficients and absorption indices with and without reflection.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ TaβSiβCβN Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°. Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ 200β2500 Π½ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ.Β ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΊ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ 200β2500 Π½ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ 400β1200 Π½ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π°ΠΏΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠΎΡΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° dΠΏΠ». = 1046 Π½ΠΌ Β± 13 %. ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Guided electromagnetic discharge pulses driven by short intense laser pulses : Characterization and modeling
Strong electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) are generated from intense laser interactions with solid-density targets and can be guided by the target geometry, specifically through conductive connections to the ground. We present an experimental characterization by time- and spatial-resolved proton deflectometry of guided electromagnetic discharge pulses along wires including a coil, driven by 0.5 ps, 50 J, 1019 W/cm2 laser pulses. Proton-deflectometry allows us to time-resolve first the EMP due to the laser-driven target charging and then the return EMP from the ground through the conductive target stalk. Both EMPs have a typical duration of tens of ps and correspond to currents in the kA-range with electric-field amplitudes of multiple GV/m. The sub-mm coil in the target rod creates lensing effects on probing protons due to both magnetic- and electric-field contributions. This way, protons of the 10 MeV-energy range are focused over cm-scale distances. Experimental results are supported by analytical modeling and high-resolution numerical particle-in-cell simulations, unraveling the likely presence of a surface plasma, in which parameters define the discharge pulse dispersion in the non-linear propagation regime