Information-driven Nonlinear Quantum Neuron

The promising performance increase offered by quantum computing has led to the idea of applying it to neural networks. Studies in this regard can be divided into two main categories: simulating quantum neural networks with the standard quantum circuit model, and implementing them based on hardware. However, the ability to capture the non-linear behavior in neural networks using a computation process that usually involves linear quantum mechanics principles remains a major challenge in both categories. In this study, a hardware-efficient quantum neural network operating as an open quantum system is proposed, which presents non-linear behaviour. The model's compatibility with learning processes is tested through the obtained analytical results. In other words, we show that this dissipative model based on repeated interactions, which allows for easy parametrization of input quantum information, exhibits differentiable, non-linear activation functions.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

Dissipative learning of a quantum classifier

The expectation that quantum computation might bring performance advantages in machine learning algorithms motivates the work on the quantum versions of artificial neural networks. In this study, we analyze the learning dynamics of a quantum classifier model that works as an open quantum system which is an alternative to the standard quantum circuit model. According to the obtained results, the model can be successfully trained with a gradient descent (GD) based algorithm. The fact that these optimization processes have been obtained with continuous dynamics, shows promise for the development of a differentiable activation function for the classifier model.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Stabilization and Dissipative Information Transfer of a Superconducting Kerr-Cat Qubit

Today, the competition to build a quantum computer continues, and the number of qubits in hardware is increasing rapidly. However, the quantum noise that comes with this process reduces the performance of algorithmic applications, so alternative ways in quantum computer architecture and implementation of algorithms are discussed on the one hand. One of these alternative ways is the hybridization of the circuit-based quantum computing model with the dissipative-based computing model. Here, the goal is to apply the part of the algorithm that provides the quantum advantage with the quantum circuit model, and the remaining part with the dissipative model, which is less affected by noise. This scheme is of importance to quantum machine learning algorithms that involve highly repetitive processes and are thus susceptible to noise. In this study, we examine dissipative information transfer to a qubit model called Cat-Qubit. This model is especially important for the dissipative-based version of the binary quantum classification, which is the basic processing unit of quantum machine learning algorithms. On the other hand, Cat-Qubit architecture, which has the potential to easily implement activation-like functions in artificial neural networks due to its rich physics, also offers an alternative hardware opportunity for quantum artificial neural networks. Numerical calculations exhibit successful transfer of quantum information from reservoir qubits by a repeated-interactions-based dissipative scheme.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

The Turkish Approach Regarding Digital Content and Digital Services

Digital material is an established aspect of our everyday lives. Digital content providers are meeting an increasing number of requirements for education, entertainment, and communication from society. However, the use of digital content has posed a challenge to legal frameworks that are based on traditions, since a consumer transaction is frequently a mix of both goods and services. In the absence of an effective legal framework, it would be difficult to provide solid protection to consumers while trying to find a balance between them and other market participants. Currently, there are not any specific provisions related to digital content or digital services in the Turkish consumer legislation. In this paper, there will be recommendations for Turkish legislation on how digital content and digital services should be regulated

Application of Power Flow problem to an open quantum neural hardware

Significant progress in the construction of physical hardware for quantum computers has necessitated the development of new algorithms or protocols for the application of real-world problems on quantum computers. One of these problems is the power flow problem, which helps us understand the generation, distribution, and consumption of electricity in a system. In this study, the solution of a balanced 4-bus power system supported by the Newton-Raphson method is investigated using a newly developed dissipative quantum neural network hardware. This study presents the findings on how the proposed quantum network can be applied to the relevant problem and how the solution performance varies depending on the network parameters.Comment: 5 Figures, 6 Page

New localities of scardinius elmaliensis bogutskaya, 1997 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) and its phylogenetic relationship based on mt DNA cytb region sequences

This study was conducted to report five new localities out of its type locality for Scardinius elmaliensis in the Western Mediterranean Basin of Turkey by providing their morphological characteristics, and their phylogenetic relationship based on mtDNA Cytb region. The results revealed significant differences of all studied populations in terms of the morphometric characters despite their low genetic differences, but their meristic characters were not different. All six studied populations of S. elmaliensis including that of type locality formed a monophyletic group with S. erythrophthalmus as sister group. The molecular result confirmed distinction of S. elmaliensis from S. erythrophthalmus based on Cytb genetic distance of 1.6-1.8%. The occurrence of S. elmaliensis out of type locality was firstly reported in this study. Such knowledge is important for future conservation strategies and habitat management of this species

Genç ve Yaşlı Dişi Köpeklerde Foliküler Morfolojinin Farklılıklarıve Anti Müllerien Hormon ile İlişkisi

Sunulan çalışmada genç ve yaşlı dişi köpeklerde, foliküler gelişimin farklı aşamalarında, foliküllerin yapısal morfolojik ve hücresel farklılıklarının ortaya konması, ovaryum follikül popülasyonunun Anti Müllerien Hormon (AMH) ile ilişkilerinin araştırılması ve bu hormonun genç ve yaşlı köpeklerdeki düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, materyalini 8 adet, 2 yaşında, genç (grup A) ve 8 adet, 8-10 yaş aralığında yaşlı olmak üzere (grup B) toplam 16 dişi köpek oluşturmuştur. Primordial, primer ve preantral folikül çapları grup B de grup A'ya göre daha yüksek ölçülürken sekunder folikül çapları yönünden gruplar arası fark istatistiki olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur. Grup A'da Sekunder foliküllerdeki granuloza hücreleri ortalama 91.65±2.23 adet preantral foliküllerde ise 301.31±4.16 adet sayılmıştır. Grup B'de ise bu değerler sırasıyla 89.46±2.68 ve 270.25±3.54 adet olarak kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmada serum AMH sonuçlarına bakıldığında Grup A' da bu değer ortalama 0.233±0.046 ng/mL tespit edilmiştir. Grup B'de ise bu ortalamanın 0.099±0.008 ng/mL'ye düştüğü gözlemlendi (P<0.05). Sonuç olarak köpeklerde artan yaş ile primordial ve primer folikül sayılarının ve özellikle sekunder ve preantral foliküllerdeki granuloza hücre sayılarının azalması ve AMH hormonunun da buna paralellik göstermesi, insanlarda fertilite parametresi olarak kullanılan AMH hormonunun köpeklerde de kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.This study aimed to investigate the structural, morphological and cellular differences of follicles at different stages of follicular development as well as to determine the correlation of the ovarian follicle population with serum Anti-M&uuml;llerian Hormone (AMH) levels in young and aged bithches. Sixteen bitches were divided into two groups according to their ages. Group A included young bitches aged 2 years (n=8) while Group B constituted of those aged 8 to 10 years (n=8). Diameters of the primordial, primary and preantral follicles were found to be significantly larger in Group B, in comparison to Group A. In Group A, the mean number of granulosa cells was 91.65&plusmn;2.23 in the secondary follicles and 301.31&plusmn;4.16 in the preantral follicles. In Group B, the same values were found to be 89.46&plusmn;2.68 and 270.25&plusmn;3.54, respectively. The mean serum AMH levels in Group A and Group B were 0.233&plusmn;0.046 ng/mL and 0.099&plusmn;0.008 ng/mL, respectively (P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, the results indicated that the number of primordial and primary follicles as well as the numbers of granulosa cells in secondary and preantral follicles decreased with advanced age which resulted in lower serum AMH levels in aged bitches. The results suggested that the AMH, which is used as a fertility parameter in humans, could also be used for the same purpose in dogs

Evaluation of conventional imaging techniques on preoperative localization in primary hyperparathyroidism

We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and preoperative localization capacity of Tc-99m methoxyisobutylnitrile (MIBI) parathyroid scintigraphy and ultrasonography (USG) in enlarged parathyroid glands in the primary hyperparathyroidism (pH PT), as well as the relationship between the success rate of these techniques and biochemical values. We retrospectively evaluated 39 patients with clinical and biological evidence of pHPT who referred to the university hospital for MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy. Patients were examined with USG and double-phase MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy for the detection of enlarged parathyroid glands. Preoperative serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels, calcium (Ca), phosphate and alkaline phosphatase measurements were obtained. A total of 45 parathyroid lesions in 39 patients were reviewed. Thirty-four patients had a single adenoma and five patients with multi-gland disease had 11 abnormal parathyroid glands including three adenomas, whereas the remaining 8 glands showed hyperplasia. The overall sensitivities of MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy, USG, and combined techniques were 85.3%, 72.5% and 90.4%, respectively; the positive predictive values (PPV) were 89.7%, 85.2%, and 92.6%, respectively. The most successful approach for detection of enlarged parathyroid glands in hyperparathyroidism is the concurrent application of USG and MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy modalities. The concomitance of thyroid diseases decreases the sensitivity of both MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy and USG in enlarged parathyroid glands

Risperidone-Induced Renal Damage and Metabolic Side Effects: The Protective Effect of Resveratrol

Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible protective qualities of resveratrol (RSV) against the side effects of risperidone (RIS) in an experimental model in rat kidneys with histologic and biochemical assessments. Materials and Methods. Experimental procedures were performed on 35 female Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, untreated rats (n=7) were in group 1; group 2 was given 2 mg/kg/day RIS (n=7); group 3 was treated with 2 mg/kg/day RIS and 20 mg/kg/day RSV (n=7); group 4 was treated with 2 mg/kg/day RIS and 40 mg/kg/day RSV (n=7); and group 5 was treated with 2 mg/kg/day RIS and 80 mg/kg/day RSV (n=7). All treatments were administered for two weeks by gavage. On treatment day 15, kidney tissues were removed for analysis. Results. The results showed that RSV treatment reduced weight gain induced by RIS. In addition, RSV increased the total antioxidant status (TAS) and decreased serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), oxidative stress index (OSI), and total oxidant status (TOS) levels significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion. This study revealed that treatment with RSV might protect kidney tissues against the side effects of RIS. RSV could be an effective course of therapy to enhance therapeutic efficacy