Multi-objective function-based node-disjoint multipath routing for mobile ad hoc networks

Funding Information: This work was supported Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) grant funded by the Korea government (Ministry of Environment). Project No. RE202101551, the development of IoT-based technology for collecting and managing Big data on environmental hazards and health effects.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

an analysis using input-output multipliers

Thesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2020As the environmental industry plays a significant role in both environmental protection and sustainable economic development, analyzing its economic impact is crucial for policymaking. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the environmental industry on the Korean economy. To define the environmental industry for input-output analysis, the Environmental Industry Special Classification Table of the 2018 Report on the Environmental Industry Survey is matched to the Bank of Korea’s 2015 Benchmark Year Basic Sector Classification. Also, the data from the 2015 Benchmark Year Input-Output Tables is processed by the author to include the environmental industry among the original classifications of the input-output tables. The environmental industry’s production, value-added, import, and employment multipliers are computed to examine its impact on other industries in Korea. The result of the analysis shows that the environmental industry has a high value-added rate compared to other industries and that despite having a low production multiplier, the environmental industry has a strong forward linkage effect, indicating that it plays a significant role as an intermediate good for other industries.1. Introduction 2. Literature Review 3. Definition and Characteristics of the Environmental Industry 4. Data and Methodology 5. Analysis of Current Status of the Environmental Industry in Korea by Using the Input-Output Table 6. Analysis of the Economic Ripple Effect of the Environmental Industry 7. ConclusionmasterpublishedYuhui JEON

North-South technology diffusion, regional integration, and the dynamics of the natural trading partners hypothesis

Based on static analysis, a number of studies argue that forming a regional trade agreement is more likely to raise welfare if member countries are"natural trading partners,"while other studies claim that the opposite is true. Schiff and Wang look at the argument from a dynamic viewpoint by examining the impact of North-South trade on technology diffusion and total factor productivity (TFP) in the South. Specifically, it examines the impact on TFP in the Republic of Korea, Mexico, and Poland of trade with Japan, Canada plus the United States (North America) and the European Union. Using industry-level data, they find that (1) technology diffusion and productivity gains tend to be regional: Korea benefits mainly from trade with Japan, Mexico with the United States, and Poland with the European Union; and (2) though these results suggest that the dynamic version of the"natural trading partners"hypothesis holds for all three countries, careful analysis shows that it holds for Korea and Mexico but not necessarily for Poland.Trade Policy,Environmental Economics&Policies,Earth Sciences&GIS,Economic Theory&Research,Water and Industry,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Trade and Regional Integration,Trade Policy

Public disclosure of environmental violations in the Republic of Korea

Since 1989, environmental authorities of the Republic of Korea have published on a monthly basis a list of enterprises violating the country's environmental rules and regulations. This may be the longest environmental public disclosure program currently in existence. Over the period 1993-2001 in excess of 7,000 violations have been recorded in these monthly violation lists, involving more than 3,400 different companies. In this paper, the authors provide a comprehensive descriptive analysis of this dataset. Results suggest that the news media have given an important, though perhaps declining coverage, to the violation lists, with a focus on publicly traded companies, failures to operate pollution abatement equipment, and prosecutions.Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Decentralization,Public Health Promotion,Water and Industry,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Water and Industry,Health Economics&Finance,National Governance

Chapter 5 Changes in trade and economic structure during the past 25 years: have green growth, low carbon strategies made a signifi cant impact in Northeast Asia?

Edited by Fumikazu Yoshida and Akihisa MoriThis chapter made an empirical analysis on the change in the trade structures of environmental and pollution-intensive industries in Northeast Asia during the last 25 years. Both industries in South Korea and China have shifted to more export-oriented, in part due to China’s accession to the WTO. Green growth strategy has significantly increased export of goods related to renewable energy in South Korea while has ambiguous trade impacts in China. While Japan has been net exporter in both industries, its export surplus in environmental industry decreased gradually, implying Japan receives side effects of green growth strategy in South Korea and China

Disclosure of environmental violations and the stock market in the Republic of Korea

For almost 20 years, the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea has published on a monthly basis a list of enterprises that fail to comply with national environmental laws and regulations. In this paper, the authors examine the reaction of investors to the publication of these lists and show that enterprises appearing on these lists have experienced a significant decline in their market valuation. Firms in developing countries are often said to have no incentives to invest in pollution control because they typically face weak monitoring and enforcement of environmental regulations. The findings of the authors, however, indicate that the inability of formal institutions to control pollution through fines and penalties may not be as serious an impediment to pollution control as is generally argued. Environmental regulators in developing countries could harness market forces by introducing structured programs to release firm-specific information about environmental performance.Pollution Management&Control,Health Economics&Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Water and Industry,Decentralization,Environmental Economics&Policies,Energy and Environment,Health Economics&Finance,Access to Markets,Markets and Market Access

Sustainable futures over the next decade are rooted in soil science

Funding information: Dutch Knowledge Base Program; European Commission, Grant/Award Number: NEW 810; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Grant/Award Numbers: 774378, 869625; Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute, Grant/Award Number: 2019002820004; Natural Environment Research Council, Grant/Award Number: NE/R016429/1; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas, Grant/Award Number: 2017-00608; UK Research and Innovation, Grant/Award Number: NE/P019455/1Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Much Concern but Little Research on Semiconductor Occupational Health Issues

Emerging occupational and environmental issues in the semiconductor industry We humans have experienced historical lessons on the dangers of introducing new techniques and chemicals expecting benefits, while ignoring unexpected harmful side effects. Examples include untreatable diseases (mesothelioma, lung cancer, and asbestosis) caused by asbestos use, human nervous system defects due to pesticides used to increase crop yields, severe health issues due to DDT used to kill malaria-causing mosquitos, and the depletion of the ozone due to Freon use for refrigeration. The semiconductor industry, a microelectronics industry, emerged in the late twentieth century as a brilliant contributor to industrial development, the development of new techniques, increased scientific knowledge, and an advance in human life styles throughout the world. The dark side of this prosperous industry has become apparent in both environmental and occupational health issues since the 1980s in the US and the 1990s in the UK, and in Asian countries including Taiwan, Singapore, and Korea in the 2000s. Environmental health issues occurred in the 1980s in Silico

Environment, health and safety management in mining and other industries

Thesis (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2014While environment and health and safety may appear to be two different areas, they may be integrated into Environment, Health and Safety (EHS). This study is to investigate the impact of the environment and Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) on health and safety. Three case studies were conducted. The first one is to study the impact of abandoned mines on soils, water and crops. The second one is to examine the effect of OHSMS implementation on reducing occupational safety risk. The third one examines the impact of environment on health. The abstracts of these three case studies are as follows: THE INVESTIGATION OF ARSENIC AND HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN SOIL, WATER AND CROPS AROUND ABANDONED METAL MINES. Soils, water and crops around abandoned metal mines can be contaminated by heavy metals from adjacent tailings and waste rocks accumulated during mining operations. The results indicate that the As, Zn, Cd and Cr concentrations exceed the soil contamination standard in many soil samples of the nearby farmlands as well as the tailings sites. In the case of water quality, the As concentrations in the Okgae and Youngchen Mines show a decreasing trend with increasing distance from the mine, which is similar to that of the soil samples. The Cd and Pb concentrations in the crops near the Okgae Mine show a decreasing trend with increasing distance from the mine which is also similar to that of soil samples. In addition, the Cd and Pb concentrations in the rice samples and the Cd concentration in the corn samples increase with the Cd and/or Pb concentrations in the soil. EFFECT OF OHSMS ON WORK-RELATED ACCIDENT RATE AND DIFFERENCES OF OHSMS AWARENESS BETWEEN MANAGERS IN SOUTH KOREA's CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY. The study was conducted to investigate the status of the occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) in the construction industry and the effect of OHSMS on accident rates. Differences of awareness levels on safety issues among site general managers and occupational health and safety (OHS) managers are identified through surveys. The accident rates for the OHSMS-certified construction companies from 2006 to 2011, when the construction OHSMS became widely available, were analyzed to understand the effect of OHSMS on the work-related injury rates in the construction industry. The Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) 18001 is the certification to these companies performing OHSMS in South Korea. The questionnaire was created to analyze the differences of OHSMS awareness between site general managers and OHS managers of construction companies. The implementation of OHSMS among the top 100 construction companies in South Korea shows that the accident rate decreased by 67% and the fatal accident rate decreased by 10.3% during the period from 2006 to 2011. The survey in this study shows different OHSMS awareness levels between site general managers and OHS managers. The differences were motivation for developing OHSMS, external support needed for implementing OHSMS, problems and effectiveness of implementing OHSMS. Both work-related accident and fatal accident rates were found to be significantly reduced by implementing OHSMS in this study. The differences of OHSMS awareness between site general managers and OHS managers were identified through a survey. The effect of these differences on safety and other benefits warrants further research with proper data collection. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHILDHOOD ASTHMA AND RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS THROUGH CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN ANDONG, KOREA. Using the International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (ISAAC) questionnaire, we surveyed the childhood asthma prevalence and related socioeconomic and residential environment on 887 elementary schoolchildren in Andong, Korea. We selected asthma case group (29) and control group (26) and performed the exposure assessment for the personal exposure for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde level for 3 days. As a result, 814 schoolchildren completed the questionnaire. It was found that the asthma prevalence was 19.9% and gender (male, OR; Odds Ratio=1.55), age (younger, OR=1.60), family history of asthma (OR=3.70), passive smoking (OR=1.53), and odor from nearby house (OR=2.01) were affective factors. There was no significant difference between the case and control groups in VOCs and formaldehyde exposure level. In the logistic regression analysis, family income (aOR; adjusted OR =3.20, 95% CI=1.41-7.24) and amount of house sunlight (aOR=2.14, 95% CI; Confidence Interval =1.00-4.58) were significant after adjusting gender, age, and family history of asthma. In conclusion, socioeconomic factors including family income and residential environmental factors such as passive smoking, odor from nearby household, and amount of house sunlight are associated with the prevalence of childhood asthma