Relationship between WISC-R subtests and psychiatric symptom groups in attention and learning disorders

Purpose: In this study, in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or learning disorder (LD), we aimed to investigate the differentiating capacity of several instruments including Weschler Intelligence Tests (WISC-R) and Learning Disorder Battery. Materials and Methods: The children (72-131 mo.) that where diagnosed with ADHD and/or LD (total n: 81, boy n: 63 [77.8%]) were included. While the children were tested, active symptoms were remitted in a part of children (Clinical Global Impression below 3). Therefore, participants' active diagnoses were ADHD: 11, LD: 33, both: 15, or remitted: 22, and the children were grouped accordingly. Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and LD Battery were used. Results: The cases with LD (LD plus both) had significantly worse scores in all tests of LD Battery except for duration of reading and all subscores of WISC-R except for similarities compared to the cases without LD. The cases with ADHD (ADHD plus both) had significantly worse scores only in draw a clock of LD Battery and cipher of WISC-R compared to the cases without ADHD. Conclusion: WISC-R and LD Battery are valid and reliable instruments to differentiate several interrelated disorders (LD, ADHD, and/or both) and they have a good predictive validity to differentiate the cases that respond well to the treatments

Role of Glia Cells in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an increasing frequency, manifested by functional disorders in social communication and social interaction, limited interests, and repetitive behaviors. The etiology of autism spectrum disorder has not yet been fully elucidated and there are many areas that need further study. Increasing studies have shown that disruptions in synaptic functions are critical in the onset of ASD. Glial cells have a role in the regulation of synaptic functions. In ASD, changes are seen in the number of neurons and glia cells in the affected cerebral cortex, and these changes cause dysregulation in synaptic functions and affect behaviors. Studies provide information about the role of glia cells in the pathophysiology of ASD, but more data is needed on the relationship between ASD and glia cells. In this review, the importance of glial cells in the etiopathogenesis of ASD and studies will be discussed

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğunun Nedenlerine Ait Ebeveyn Algısının Tedavi Tercihine Etkisi

Aim:Due to the complex etiology and the lack of effective treatment for core symptoms, there are different views on the causes of ASD in many cultures. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the opinions, treatment choices, and expectations of families about the causes of ASD.Materials and Methods:Children diagnosed with ASD who applied to the Ondokuz Mayıs University Child Psychiatry Clinic between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively included in the study. Patients who filled the information in the "preliminary interview forms" filled by the families before the interview for each patient who applied to our clinic were included in the study. The preliminary interview form contains questions about the child's age, gender, previous treatment, why the disease or disorder originated, and the prospect of treatment.Results:The data of 241 children and caregivers were examined in the study group. Comparing the clinical features and family views of the families of male and female patients, it was observed that the caregivers of the female patients had higher clinical global follow-up scores (p=0.022) and marked the "child's self" option (p=0.014). After a two-step clustering analysis, two clusters formed, and the most determining feature for the clusters was "Child-related causes". It was observed that "psychiatric examination", "drug treatment “and "age" were determinative between the two clusters.Conclusion:Opinions of caregivers about the causes of autism, duration of the disease, and previous psychiatric examinations affect the choice of treatment. These findings are essential for understanding the family's treatment choices and helping families and clinicians interested in ASD to guide and make decisions

The Elements, Lawrence University Flute Ensemble, January 30, 2017

Harper Hal

Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Uyku Sorunları

Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB), çocukluk çağının en sık görülen nöropsikiyatrik bozukluklarındandır. DEHB; dikkat dağınıklığı, dürtüsellik, irritabilite ve hiperaktivite ile karakterize, heterojen, gelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Çalışmalar DEHB tanılı çocuk ve ergenlerin yaklaşık %25-50'sinin uyku problemlerine sahip olduğunu, sağlıklı kontrollere göre anlamlı olarak daha fazla uyku problemleri yaşadıklarını göstermektedir. Sağlıklı çocuklarda yapılan çalışmalar yetersiz uykunun dikkat ve davranışsal sorunlara, dürtüselliğe, sosyal ve akademik işlevsellikte ciddi bozulmalara yol açtığını göstermektedir. Uyku problemlerinin psikiyatrik problemler için artmış risk ile ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. DEHB hastalarında uyku sorunlarının tedavisinde hayat boyu uygulanabilir ve kişiselleştirilmiş tedavi stratejilerine ihtiyaç vardır. DEHB'si olan çoğu hasta birincil uyku şikâyetiyle başvurabilir veya uyku güçlüğü olan çoğu hasta da DEHB şikâyetleriyle karşımıza gelebilir. Klinisyenler her iki bozukluğun yönetimine yönelik müdahalelere ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu çalışmada DEHB tanılı çocuklarda en sık görülen uyku bozukluklarına odaklanıldı ve popüler bir konu olarak medya kullanımı ve uyku ile ilişkisi de incelendi. DEHB'li çocuklardaki uyku problemlerinin yaygınlığı, klinikle ilişkisi ve tedavi stratejileri ile ilgili en güncel çalışmaların sunulması ve olası bazı araştırma alanlarına ışık tutulması amaçlanmıştır

Perinatal and medical risk factors in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder or specific learning disorder: comparison between diagnostic groups

Sahin, Berkan/0000-0003-4699-3418WOS: 000502778500004Introduction: Epigenetic changes in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, including prenatal and early life exposures, are becoming as appealing as hereditary genes. This study aimed to investigate possible pre-pubertal environmental and developmental risk factors for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Specific Learning Disorder (SLD). Methods: The study included 98 children (24 ADHD, 24 SLD, 26 ASD, 20 controls) aged 7-12 years. The diagnostic evaluation was based on the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-age Children-present version. Parents completed socio-demographic data form for clinical evaluation, and The Wechsler Children's Intelligence scale was used to assess cognitive skills. Results: In our study, low parental education level, parental unemployment, low-income, and history of psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives were associated with SLD risk, prematurity, and early self-regulation difficulties were associated with ASD risk, and history of allergy was associated with ADHD risk. Conclusion: In this study, the presence of many different risk factors that play a possible role in neurodevelopmental disorders suggests that further epigenetic studies arc needed

Dikkat ve öğrenme bozukluklarında WISC-R alt testleri ile psikiyatrik semptom gruplar arası ilişki

Purpose: In this study, in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or learning disorder (LD), we aimed to investigate the differentiating capacity of several instruments including Weschler Intelligence Tests (WISC-R) and Learning Disorder Battery. Materials and Methods: The children (72-131 mo.) that where diagnosed with ADHD and/or LD (total n: 81, boy n: 63 [77.8%]) were included. While the children were tested, active symptoms were remitted in a part of children (Clinical Global Impression below 3). Therefore, participants' active diagnoses were ADHD: 11, LD: 33, both: 15, or remitted: 22, and the children were grouped accordingly. Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and LD Battery were used. Results: The cases with LD (LD plus both) had significantly worse scores in all tests of LD Battery except for duration of reading and all subscores of WISC-R except for similarities compared to the cases without LD. The cases with ADHD (ADHD plus both) had significantly worse scores only in draw a clock of LD Battery and cipher of WISC-R compared to the cases without ADHD. Conclusion: WISC-R and LD Battery are valid and reliable instruments to differentiate several interrelated disorders (LD, ADHD, and/or both) and they have a good predictive validity to differentiate the cases that respond well to the treatments

An Examination of the Relations Between Symptom Distributions in Children Diagnosed with Autism and Caregiver Burden, Anxiety and Depression Levels

High stress levels and impairment of physical/mental health in parents can delay early and effective intervention in autism. The purpose of this study was to examine relations between the clinical characteristics of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and caregiver burden, and anxiety and depression levels. Seventy cases under monitoring at the Namk Kemal University Medical Faculty Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Polyclinic with a diagnosis of ASD, and their principal caregivers, were included in the study. The Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale were completed. At multiple regression analysis, autism symptom severity and caregiver depressive symptom levels emerged as significant predictors of total caregiver burden scores. Only the ABC language subscale score had a determining effect on caregiver burden (r=0.51, r(2)=0.26, p=0.04). ABC body and object use subscale scores were identified as the symptom cluster affecting depression and anxiety scores (r=0.25, r(2)=0.06, p=0.03 and r=0.28, r(2)=0.08, p=0.01). Our findings show that ASD symptom severity and depressive symptoms in the caregiver are the most important factors giving rise to the caregiver burden, and that the main ASD symptom cluster affecting the caregiver burden was problems associated with language development. Better understanding of variables impacting on the caregiver burden will increase the quality of psychosocial services for caregivers

Examination of neutrophil, platelet, and monocyte-lymphocyte ratios in adolescents with bipolar disorder-manic episode and depression

WOS: 000504845000007Objective: Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are practical inflammation parameters. In bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), these parameters were reported higher than in healthy controls (HC). We aim to compare NLR, PLR, MLR in HC and patients with MDD and BB-manic episode. Method: Forty-six patients with MDD and 43 patients with BD hospitalized between 2013 and 2017 and 40 HC were included in the study. White blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, and monocyte numbers were entered retrospectively from complete blood counts made at the time of admission, and NLR, PLR, and MLR were calculated from these. Results: NLR and PLR were revealed higher in MDD than HC. NLR and neutrophil values were higher in BD than HC, and there was a positive correlation between NLR and hospitalization period of patients with BD. Conclusion: Findings of our study supported the inflammation hypothesis for MDD and BD in adolescents. Larger-scale studies are necessary to confirm these findings