İstanbul’da kıyı kirliliği

Quantities of pouches filled with marine debris and packaging (kg) collected during coast and beach cleaning, the amount of waste (m3 ) collected during sea surface cleaning and moss work (kg), and the amount of sludge removed during stream rehabilitation (m3 ) were analyzed in Istanbul, Turkey between 2013 and 2016. Seasonal changes have been identified in these quantities. The quantity of packaging pouches collected during coastal cleaning had increased over time, reached its highest level in 2016. High values were observed in September due to heavy rainfall and in the summer due to waste transported from picnic areas. However, low values were seen for all parameters in winter. This increase in waste quantities can be eliminated by taking various precautions such as recycling or reusing plastic bags and bottles instead of throwing waste away. For a cleaner sea and coast, public education can be developed to encourage these precautions. In addition, economic measures can be taken such as selling plastic shopping bags instead of giving them free of charge.İstanbul’da 2013 ve 2016 yılları arasında kıyı ve plaj temizliğinde toplanan deniz ve ambalaj atıklarının poşet sayısı, deniz yüzeyi temizliği ile toplanan atık miktarı (m³), yosun çalışması ile toplanan atık miktarı (kg) ve dere ıslahı ile çıkarılan çamur miktarı (m³) verileri analiz edilmiştir. Bu miktarlarda mevsimsel değişiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Kıyı temizliği sırasında toplanan ambalaj poşetlerinin miktarının zamanla aşırı yükseldiği ve 2016'da en yüksek seviyesine ulaştığı görülmüştür. Piknik alanlarından taşınan atıklardan dolayı yaz aylarında ve yoğun yağışla sürüklenmeden dolayı eylül ayında yüksek değerler gözlenmiştir. Ancak kış mevsiminde tüm parametreler için düşük değerler görüldü. Atık miktarlarındaki bu artış, atıkların atılması yerine plastik torbaların ve şişelerin geri dönüştürülmesi veya yeniden kullanılması gibi çeşitli önlemler alınarak giderilebilir. Daha temiz bir deniz ve sahil için, bu önlemleri teşvik etmek amacıyla kamu eğitimi geliştirilebilir. Ayrıca, plastik poşetler alışverişlerde ücretsiz verilmek yerine satılması gibi ekonomik tedbirler alınabilir

Adnexal Masses: Retrospective Assessment of 424 Cases and Review of the Literature

Objective: To review the pathological diagnosis of patients underwent laparotomy for adnexal masses accompanied by the literature. Material and Methods: The results of 424 patients from a single center were evaluated. Research criteria include the patient to be of reproductive age or postmenopausal age, CA-125 levels, ascites, bilaterality and whether the pathologic diagnosis of the mass is benign or malignant. Results: 200 (47.17%) patients were in the reproductive period, 224 (52.83%) patients were in the postmenopausal period, the average age of the population was 52.65±1.04. Adnexal masses originated from; ovary 385 (90.8%), tuba 22 (5.18%), uterus 3 (0.7%) and distant organs 14 (3.3%). While 18.51% of patients pathologically diagnosed as benign were bilateral, 56.89% of malign patients were bilateral. The presence of the acid was observed in 4.2% of benign patients and in 37.06% of the malign patients. The malignancy was diagnosed in 48 (24%) patients in the reproductive period and 68 (30.35%) patients in the postmenopausal period for laparotomies performed for adnexal masses. The most common benign pathologies in the reproductive period was serous cystadenoma, endometrioma and mucinous cystadenoma, while in the postmenopausal period was serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenoma and mature teratoma. The most common malignant pathologic diagnosis in the reproductive period was serous adenocarcinoma, metastatic cancers and endometrioid adenocarcinoma, while in the postmenopausal period was serous adenocarcinoma, mucinous carcinoma and endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Metastatic cancers are more frequent during the reproductive years, the most common benign pathology in both groups was ovarian serous cystadenomas, and malignant pathology in both groups was ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. 21 malignant cases (43.75%) in the reproductive period has a CA-125 value higher than 200 mU/ml, while 60 malignant cases (88.20%) in the postmenopausal period has a CA-125 value higher than 35 mU/ml. Conclusion: Ovarian pathologies constitute the majority of the adnexal masses. The probability of malignancy increases with advancing age, bilaterality, presence of ascites and high CA-125 values. The frequency of metastatic ovarian cancers in the reproductive period is the characteristic of series. © 2016 by Türkiye Klinikleri

Diagnosis of Primary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the Vulva in a Postmenopausal Woman

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a very rare disease of female genital tract, most commonly seen in vulva and unusual in postmenopausal period. Herein, we report the 8th case of pure vulvar LCH in a postmenopausal woman. We pay attention to the differential diagnosis in postmenopausal state, features of pathologic diagnosis, and treatment options