Quantitation and Identification of Organic N-Chloramines Formed in Stomach Fluid on Ingestion of Aqueous Hypochlorite

The chemical reactions that hypochlorite undergoes in the body when chlorinated water is ingested have received very little attention. Because amino nitrogen compounds are important components of the average diet, the reactions of hypochlorite with amino compounds in the stomach were investigated. Stomach fluid was recovered from Sprague-Dawley rats that had been fasted for 48 hr and administered 4 mL deionized water. The chlorine demand of the stomach fluid was determined. An average volume-independent demand of 2.7 mg chlorine was measured. At doses below 40 mg/L chlorine reducing reactions appeared to account for reduction of all oxidizing species within 15 min as measured by the FAS-DPD titrimetric method. At least part of the chlorine demand is associated with amino acids present in the stomach fluid. Amino acids were identified and quantified in the stomach fluid by precolumn derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). When stomach fluid is chlorinated to concentrations of chlorine between 200 and 1000 mg/L, organic N-chloramines are formed. After derivatization of chlorinated stomach fluid with dansyl sulfinic acid, fluorescent derivatives of chloramines were separated by HPLC. Three chloramino acid derivatives, N-chloroalanine, N-chloroglycine, and N-chlorophenylalanine, were identified by cochromatography with known standards using two chromatographic methods. The yield of a chloramine that would form in stomach fluid on administration of hypochlorite to animals was determined using tritiated piperidine and doses of 200 and 1000 mg/L chlorine. Yields of tritiated N-chloropiperidine in recovered stomach fluid were 70% and 42%, respectively, of the theoretical amount expected

Explorations

"I find that there is little difference between the worlds of reality and fantasy. I place myself in a position to be inspired by both. I also inquire into the possible permutations of an existing form, and perhaps the creation of a new one. My goal is to create sculpture that calls this difference into question. I do this through; a conflation of found and formed, recognizable and uncanny, metaphor and actuality. The result is odd, idiosyncratic, ulterior composites derived from commonplace detritus."--Abstract from author supplied metadata

A job survey of the Manpower, Personnel and Training Analysis Community in relation to the Naval Postgraduate School curriculum

The role of the Manpower, Personnel and Training Analysis {META) subspecialist is becoming increasingly more important in the Navy, although not all MPTA billets are filled by subspecialists. This study surveyed both designated and non-designated subspecialist incumbents of META billets by means of a questionnaire to ascertain whether the Naval Postgraduate School MPTA curriculum prepares its grad­uates adequately for the wide spectrum of manpower billets. The study considered specific areas of work, skills required to perform satisfactorily in the billets, the relationship of the Educational Skill Requirements of the NPS curriculum to the billet work requirements, and the perceived usefulness of required curriculum courses to billet incumbents. The key attitudinal response to the questionnaire was a need for specificity of institutional knowledge. Recommendations for course and curriculum content are offered as a result of the study.http://archive.org/details/jobsurveyofmanpo00kopfLieutenant Commander, United States NavyLieutenant Commander, United States NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Environmental Epidemiology

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