Memory properties and charge effect study in Si nanocrystals by scanning capacitance microscopy and spectroscopy

In this letter, isolated Si nanocrystal has been formed by dewetting process with a thin silicon dioxide layer on top. Scanning capacitance microscopy and spectroscopy were used to study the memory properties and charge effect in the Si nanocrystal in ambient temperature. The retention time of trapped charges injected by different direct current (DC) bias were evaluated and compared. By ramp process, strong hysteresis window was observed. The DC spectra curve shift direction and distance was observed differently for quantitative measurements. Holes or electrons can be separately injected into these Si-ncs and the capacitance changes caused by these trapped charges can be easily detected by scanning capacitance microscopy/spectroscopy at the nanometer scale. This study is very useful for nanocrystal charge trap memory application

Proglacial stream valley Vistula River and its tributaries in stimulating qualified water tourism development in selected municipalities of the Mazowsze province.

This paper concerns discussion and use tourist and recreational values of the Vistula Pradolina region with particular emphasis on water-qualified tourism in communities: Brochуw, Czerwiсsk n/Wisі№, Leoncin, Wyszogrуd, Zakroczym. By working presents architectural objects and natural features in the vicinity of the main watercourses of the region (Vistula and Bzura) that may affect the development of this form of tourism. In addition, the paper describes regional initiatives about restoration of traditional, associated with the region, river vessels (mainly sail and paddle drive)

Stochastic Self-Reconfigurable Cellular Robotics

Abstract — Current implementations of self-reconfigurable robotics rearrange modules through a planned, deterministic reconfiguration path. Reconfiguration is achieved using active module locomotion or manipulation. Here we propose a form of self-reconfigurable robotics based on passive, stochastic selforganization. Solid-state cellular units exploit ‘Brownian motion’ in their environment and require no local power or locomotion ability. This form of reconfiguration avoids many of the barriers that prevent self-reconfigurable robotics from extending to large numbers and small scales. We demonstrate working prototypes and discuss preliminary analytical and computational models for analyzing the scalability of this concept

Immunologisch aktive Glykoproteine aus Baptisia tinctoria.

Chromatographically purified fractions of aqueous-ethanolic extracts from Baptisia tinctoria roots contained a strong lymphocyte DNA synthesis-stimulating activity. Electrophoretic analysis of these fractions revealed four distinct protein bands with molecular masses of P 1 = 58 kD; P4 = 31 kD; P 5 = 26 kD; and P 6 = 14 kD. They contained carbohydrate as determined by periodic acid Schiff staining. An estimation of the approximate amount of sugar was done by using human transferrin as a reference, this method revealed the following values: P 1 = 27%; P 4 = 12%; P 5 = 14%; and P 6 = 8%. The mixture of proteins and every single band were immunoreactive with a polyclonal antiserum against Baptisia proteins determined in immune and dot blots, respectively. Electrophoretically purified proteins were characterized by tryptic cleavage and determination of their amino acid content. They contained several common amino acids, predominantly aspartic acid, glutamic acid, threonine, and alanine. The content of glucosamine and/or galactosamine was less than 0.2 Molper cent. The four proteins revealed pi values between 5.3 and 4.7. Protein P 4 was immunochemically related to phytohemagglutinin but, in contrast to PHA-P, it exhibited no hemagglutinating activity and no leucagglutinating activity like PHA-L

Influence of interface traps and surface mobility degradation on scanning capacitance microscopy measurement

10.1109/TED.2004.833590IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices5191496-1503IETD