Sport as an effective goal to increase self-concept and hope: a comparison study between athlete and non-athlete women with visual impairments

  Background: Nowadays, improving the quality of life for individuals with physical disabilities is a goal of rehabilitation. Among these, one of the most common and important physical disability groups is the Visual Impairment (VI). The aim of the present study was to compare the VI in athlete and non-athlete women in terms of self-concept and hope.  Methods: In the present case-control study, 120 blind athlete and non-athlete women, resident of Tehran (60 participants in each group), were selected using simple random sampling method, according to the list provided by Goal Ball and Track-and-Field teams of the Blind and Visually Impaired Federation (60 blind athlete women) and Association of the Blind, Visually Impaired, and White Cane (60 blind non-athlete women) from March 2015 to August 2016. Both groups responded to Rogers' self-concept and Snyder's hope scales. Data were analyzed using t-test for independent measures.   Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between two VI groups of athletes and non-athletes in terms of real self-concept (t=6.02, P<0.001), ideal self-concept (t=3.6, P=0.005), and hope (t=4.4, P<0.001). Therefore, the VI athlete women had better self-concept and higher hope compared with the non-athletes.  Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems that the exercise and physical activity, as a facilitating and health-promoting factor, plays a significant role in two variables of self-concept and hope in blind women. Hence, the inclusion of sport activities in programs for disabled people, especially for the VIs, can significantly be helpful to improve their psychological state

The Effect of Training Flow Chart Behavioral Management Program by Mobile to Mothers of Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder for Reducing Oppositional and Hyperactivity Symptoms: one-single sample experimental study

Introduction: Opposition and hyperactivity are among behaviors of children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Nowadays, due to the changes in life style and busy life, direct referring to health provider is difficult. Therefore, the present study was done to examine the effectiveness of training behavior management flowchart by mobile to mothers for reducing oppositional and hyperactivity symptoms in children with oppositional defiant disorder. Method: This research was done in Tehran/ Iran in 2018 and through single case experiment by A-B model. Four mothers whose children had gained high scores of ODD were selected for training in eighth sessions of 60-90 minutes. Mothers received the training program of behavior management for six virtual sessions through mobile phone and two in person sessions. Data were analyzed using chart, improve percent and RCI. Results: The overall improvement was 61.43% for defiant and 69.74% for hyperactivity. In one-month follow up, both mentioned variables improved (75.77% and 79.47% respectively). According to the results, the two hypotheses were clinically significant. Conclusion: The mobile health technology is a low cost, available, and suitable method for mental health services and can be used as a complementary health service for mothers who have a child with oppositional defiant disorder

Causes of the failure of the state in Syria (2010-2019)

What broke out as the Arab Spring in Tunisia in 2010 stroke Egypt and shed its light on the Middle East, including Syria. During the first few days of demonstrations in Syria, the spring turned into a bloody fall and a full-scale civil war. Political-security crises and economic and social problems that had dominated the country during Assad's family rule left the state in deep defeat. Meanwhile, the arena of war turned into the scene of conflict between different political forces and their regional and international supporters, caused Syria to encounter immense foreign intervention. In this regard, this article attempts to figure out the answer to this question, "What are the causes for the Syrian state of failing during 2010-19?" The authors hypothesize that "the state in Syria has failed since the beginning of the protests due to persistent social, economic and political-security crises that led to the militarization of the country by the opposition and insurgent groups." The findings also indicate that the Syrian state faced historical crises after 2010 in economic imbalance and decline, demographic and environmental pressures, political-administrative corruption, and weak public services, which deepened after 2011, and it spread to other areas such as ethnic-religious violence

Comparison of mothers with normal pregnancy and surrogate uterine in terms of maternal-fetal attachment and feelings of guilt after relinquishment

Background: Today, there are several methods in medicine to treat the infertility, and surrogate uterine is one of the new methods. The aim of the current study was to compare the Maternal-Fetal Attachment (MFA) and feelings of guilt of women volunteered to be surrogate mothers at the time of relinquishing the child to the biological parents and those of the women with normal pregnancies.  Methods: The present case control study was conducted on 30 women volunteered to be surrogate mothers after the birth of infants and relinquishing to the biological parents from October 2015 to January 2016 and 30 women who had normal pregnancy after childbirth using convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Cranley's Maternal-Fetus Attachment Scale, and Test of Self-Conscious Affect. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0., running Levene's test and independent t-test. The significant level was considered as P<0.05.    Results: The mean score of maternal-fetal attachment behaviors in women with gestational surrogacy and with normal pregnancy was 89.2±11.35 and 95.9±8.52, respectively (P=0.02). The means of guilt in women with gestational surrogacy and with normal pregnancy were 65.1±6.64 and 63.7±10.05, respectively (P=0.12)  Conclusion: Maternal-fetus attachment score in surrogate mothers was less than that in normal mothers. The obtained results showed that there was no significant difference in guilt between surrogate and normal mothers. In other words, surrogate mothers did not feel guiltier than normal ones

Self-compassion and Health Promotion Behaviors in Women with and without Type 2 Diabetes

Background & Objectives: Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases and is more common in women. There are many psychological and physical components involved in the prevention of type 2 diabetes, such as self-compassion and health-promoting behaviors. The present study was done to compare self-compassion and health promoting behaviors between women with and without type 2 diabetes. Methods: This descriptive- analytic study was carried out on 100 women with and 100 women without type 2 diabetes in Tehran/ Iran selected through convenience sampling in 2018. Data were collected using self-compassion and Walker’s health promoting questionnaires. Data analysis was done using t-test and through SPSS22 software package. Results: According to the results, both self-compassion and health promoting behaviors showed significant difference in women with and without type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: It is essential that diabetic patients follow behaviors such as healthy diet, regular exercise and body care to improve their physical health and to reduce depression and anxiety through self-compassion. Key­words: Self-compassion, Health promotion behaviors, Diabetes type 2 Citation: Javadi Arzanagh Z, Khodabakhshi-Koolaee A. Self-compassion and Health Promotion Behaviors in Women with and without Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Health Based Research 2019; 5(3): 235-45. [In Persian

Informational and structural needs of nursing data classification in computerized systems

Background & Aim: Healthcare classification systems help to gather information and process health data. Nursing management focus on developing computerized records to answer legal, managerial and clinical needs. The Classification systems help organizations to use nursing data. This study investigated informational and structural needs of nursing data classification. Methods & Materials: This descriptive-comparative study was carried out in 2009. Current classification systems for nursing were investigated and their specifications were gathered in a questionnaire. The items were prioritized by experts in four degrees. Using statistical analysis items with a priority over 80 percent (average 2.4) were selected. Results: Findings about nursing diagnosis, intervention and outcomes showed that diagnosis item (average 2.93 out of 3), intervention item (average 2.52 out of 3), and outcome item (average 2.84 out of 3) should be presented in the system. Structure of nursing data classification was identified as a hierarchical and combinational classification. The computerized terminology (average 1.86 out of 3) had no priority. Conclusion: It is suggested to make decisions for standardizing nursing data to use in computerized systems. Since, nursing system in Iran is moving toward defining tariff for nursing services, coding nursing care components will help this plan to be developed

Impact of methamphetamine and opium use in sexual satisfaction and body image in married substance and non-substance user men

Background: sexual satisfaction is a vital component in marital satisfaction and life quality. The appraisal has influence sexual satisfaction. The previous study shows that people use methamphetamine and opium for enhancing sexual functioning.Objectives: The current study was designed to examine the impact of methamphetamine and opium use in sexual satisfaction and body image.Patients and Methods: The respondents were 100 non-substance user men with available  method and 53 methamphetamine users and 47 opium users with convenience sampling (age ranged below 50 years, mean=34.71). The respondents were completed Index of Sexual Satisfaction (Frazoni 1984) and Body Esteem Scale (Hudson 1981). Data was analyzed between three groups by utilizing the Pearson correlation and MANOVA.Result: Body image is associated with sexual satisfaction in non-substance user (p<0.01) and opium user (p<0.01), but this relationship was not observed in the methamphetamine group (p<0.05). Also, significant difference was found between three groups in sexual satisfaction and body image (p<0.005). Besides, the results revealed that the average of body image and sexual satisfaction in non-substance abuser is higher than the substance user (p<0.05), and sexual satisfaction in methamphetamine group is higher than opium group (p<0.05).Conclusion: These findings support the idea that body image is a critical factor in sexual satisfaction. Consequently, in addiction treatment must consider the psychological and physical impact of  methamphetamine and opium use in sexual function. Keywords: sexual satisfaction, body image, methamphetamine use, opium use, me

The effect of mixed prayer and positive psychology group therapy on life meaning and death anxiety among elderly women with physical-motor disabilities

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Aging and disability are two phenomena that occur in all human societies, and more than half of the world's elderly population are women, most of whom live in developing countries. Some studies have shown that spirituality plays a part in reducing the psychological problems and anxieties among the elderly. The goal of present study was to examine the effect of prayer and positive psychology group therapy on life meaning and death anxiety among elderly women with physical-motor disabilities who live in the nursing center of Tafresh.Method: This study adopted a quasi-experimental design including a pretest and a posttest as well as an experimental and a control group. Thirty elderly females with physical-motor disabilities were selected from the nursing center of Tafresh, Arak province in 2016. Data were collected by administering the meaning of life questionnaire (MLQ) and test anxiety of death (DAS) before and after the intervention. Analysis of covariance (ANVOCA) was used for data analysis. All ethical issues were observed in this study and the authors declared no conflict of interests.Results: Comparing the pretest and posttest conditions, significant differences were observed in the meaning of life and death anxiety overall mean scores of elderly women with physical-motor disabilities (P<0/05).Conclusion: The results showed that mixed prayer and positive psychology group therapy increased the meaning of life and reduced death anxiety in elderly women.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: Khodabakhshi-Koolaee A, Heidari F, Zangeneh Motlagh F. The effect of mixed prayer and positive psychology group therapy on life meaning and death anxiety among elderly women with physical-motor disabilities. J Res Relig Health. 2018; 4(2): 16- 28

Family power structure and identity styles in delinquent and nondelinquent Adolescents: A Comparative study in Tehran

  Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the Family Power Structure (FPS) and identity style in delinquent and non-delinquent juveniles in Tehran.  Methods: To accomplish the goal of the study, 80 adolescent delinquents of the Correction and Rehabilitation Centers, aged between 15 and 18, were selected following cluster sampling procedure as well as 80 students of secondary school, aged between 15 and 18, in Tehran in 2014. To obtain data, FPS (Saidian, 2004) and Identity Style Inventory (ISI-6G: White et al, 1998) instruments were used. Data was analyzed between these two groups using independent t test, and Chi square test.  Results: The findings indicated that there is a significant difference between delinquent and non-delinquent juveniles in FPS and its subscales (P<0.001) and identity style (P<0.001). Moreover, the informational identity style was related to lower levels of delinquency. In addition, a diffuse-evident identity style was found to be related to the delinquency.  Conclusion: These findings emphasize that an inappropriate decision-making process pattern in a family has a significant effect on deviant behavior and identity style in adolescents. So, family counselors must pay attention to FPS in the therapeutic interventions (prevention and treatment) for adolescent delinquency

Relationship of Spiritual Experiences and Hope with Living in Present among Men with Cancer in Tehran

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Cancer is the third leading cause of mortality in Iran. Along with other interventions, spiritual experiences, hope and living in present are very important among patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual experiences and hope with living in the present among men in Tehran in 2016.Method: This descriptive and correlation study was conducted on a sample of 100 men with cancer who were in Tehran by 2016, using available sampling method. The participants completed three questionnaires: Snyder's Hope Questionnaire, Underwood and Tersi's Spiritual Experiences, and Sepahvand and Arab’s Living in Present. Data analysis was performed using single-variable and multiple regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient. In this research, all ethical issues were observed and the researchers declared no conflicts of interests.Results: The findings indicated a significant positive correlation between hope and living in present time (p<.01) and also between spiritual experiences and living in present time (p<.05).Conclusion: It seems that therapists need to consider the positive psychological and spiritual role of accepting and improving the treatment of cancer. Spiritual experience which involves communication with God, prayers, and receiving spirituality in life can lead to more congruent behaviors among cancer patients such as finding meaning in life and the experience of living in present. Eventually, these resources can contribute to individual growth and patient empowerment in redefining the disease.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: khodabakhshi-koolaee A, Farhangi D. Relationship of Spiritual Experiences and Hope with Living in Present among Men with Cancer in Tehran.J Res Relig Health. 2019; 5(2): 75- 88.  doi: https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v5i2.1915