Couples' Transition to Retirement: The Current State of Research and Future Pathways

Population ageing and increasing employment rates among women have been well known trends for many years in many countries. This latter development means that the share of couples nearing retirement where both partners are working has been increasing. Surprisingly, little attention has been devoted to studying retirement in a couple context in greater detail. This article addresses the question whether and how couples coordinate their transitions from working life into retirement and which factors to consider when examining (non-)joint retirement patterns. The aim of this article is to improve the understanding of the complex interactions taking place in couple retirement processes that touch on the work and family sphere and to promote areas of future research along these lines. It contributes to the scholarly debate by providing a comprehensive summary of research devoted to studying couple retirement patterns and its antecedents from a life course perspective. To this end, research literature from more than 25 years is taken into account and various conceptual, theoretical and empirical aspects of couple retirement processes are discussed. Readers are provided with an overview of the concept of joint retirement, an idea of how widespread joint retirement is, and which factors to consider when studying retirement timing from a couple perspective

The ‘greying electorate’ in Germany is likely to help the CDU/CSU and the FDP in future elections.

What effect do demographic changes have on the success of political parties? Based on official data on German elections since 1953, Laura Konzelmann assesses the potential impact of Germany’s ageing population on party success. Her research indicates that if present trends in electoral behaviour continue, the CDU/CSU and the FDP are both likely to benefit in future decades, while the SPD will be particularly hard hit. This effect could nevertheless be mitigated by other factors, such as the preferences of future generations, and adjustments made by parties to attract older voters

Generationendissens im deutschen Wohlfahrtsstaat : Existenz und Wahrnehmung von intergenerationellen Unterschieden in wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Einstellungen

In dieser Arbeit werden wohlfahrtstaatliche Präferenzen in alterssensiblen Politikfeldern (finanzielle Altersabsicherung, Pflege im Alter, Familien- und Bildungspolitik) empirisch untersucht. Zum einen geht es um die gewünschte Verantwortung, die der Staat nach Ansicht der Befragten übernehmen sollte, zum anderen um die präferierte Leistungshöhe. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf Unterschieden zwischen verschiedenen Altersgruppen, die insbesondere in Einstellungen zu Politikbereichen, die primär auf die Versorgung der jüngeren Bevölkerungsteile abzielen, erwartet werden. Unter Einsatz multivariater Analysemethoden werden die Determinanten wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Einstellungen bestimmt. Im Mittelpunkt steht hierbei der vom Lebensalter ausgehende Effekt, dem sich vertiefend angenähert wird, indem einerseits über das Alter vermittelte Effekte und andererseits vom Alter moderierte Effekte identifiziert werden. Neben der Existenz von Altersunterschieden in wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Einstellungen geht es darüber hinaus darum, inwieweit diese wahrgenommen werden, welche Faktoren diese Wahrnehmung erklären können und welche Rolle dem Lebensalter als besonders interessierender Determinante zukommt. In deskriptiver Weise wird zudem das Verhältnis von Existenz und Wahrnehmung von intergenerationellen Einstellungsunterschieden untersucht

Gemeinsam in die Rente? Ruhestand als Projekt für Zweiverdienerpaare

Der Anteil an Paaren jenseits der 50, bei denen beide Partner erwerbstätig sind, ist in der Vergangenheit stark gestiegen und wird voraussichtlich auch zukünftig weiter steigen. Derzeit sind bei mehr als der Hälfte aller Paare zwischen 50 und 69 Jahren beide Partner erwerbstätig (1996 waren es nur 25 Prozent) und bei jedem vierten Paar in diesem Alter sind beide voll erwerbstätig. In Ostdeutschland liegt dieser Anteil sogar bei knapp 40 Prozent. Der gemeinsame Übergang vom Beruf in den Ruhestand wird daher für immer mehr Menschen zu einem Lebensprojekt. Dies gilt insbesondere für Paare mit einem großen Altersabstand. Die Synchronisierung des Renteneintritts zwischen Partnern kann zu Abweichungen vom Regelalter des Renteneintritts führen und ist daher auch sozialpolitisch relevant

Grenzgänge zwischen Erwerbsarbeit und Ruhestand: Prozesse der Arbeitsmarktbeteiligung älterer Menschen

Erwerbstätigkeit im Ruhestandsalter hat im öffentlichen, politischen und akademischen Diskurs in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die Beschreibung des Entscheidungsprozesses für oder gegen eine fortgeführte Erwerbstätigkeit über die Grenzen des Ruhestandsalters hinaus ist für Deutschland bisher nur lückenhaft vorgenommen worden. Als Grundlage für die Analyse dieses Entscheidungsprozesses verwendet dieses Buch eine Heuristik, die auf dem Rubikon-Modell der Handlungsphasen beruht. Neben der Beschreibung spezifischer Konstellationen formeller und informeller Tätigkeiten in einzelnen Phasen werden auch die sozialen, ökonomischen und gesundheitlichen Bedingungen in den Blick genommen, die das gewünschte oder notwendige Arbeiten von Menschen im Ruhestand fördern oder einschränken. Dies ermöglicht eine differenzierte Sichtweise auf den Prozess der Grenzgänge zwischen Erwerbsarbeit und Ruhestand und kann dadurch eine Orientierung für die politische, gesellschaftliche und insbesondere für die individuelle Gestaltung des jungen Alters bieten. Tabellenanhang: s. https://shop.budrich.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Anhangtabellen.pd

TOP - Transitions and Old Age Potential: Methodenbericht zur dritten Welle der Studie

Von Juli bis Oktober 2019 fand die dritte Welle der Studie "Transitions and Old Age Potential" (TOP) statt. Von den 2.455 Personen, die im Jahr 2016 zu einer erneuten Wiederholungsbefragung bereit waren, lagen drei Jahre später 1.561 abgeschlossene Interviews vor. In der dritten Welle wurden zudem die Partnerinnen und Partner der Panelisten mit einem Schwerpunkt auf gemeinsame oder getrennte Ruhestandsübergänge befragt. Insgesamt konnten 576 Partnerinterviews abgeschlossen werden. Diese Stichprobe erweitert das Panel von TOP um eine dyadische Perspektive auf den Übergang in den Ruhestand. Wie bereits die beiden ersten Wellen, so wurde auch die dritte Welle vom Umfragezentrum Bonn (uzbonn) im Auftrag des Bundesinstituts für Bevölkerungsforschung (BiB) durchgeführt. Es wurden bereits im Vorfeld der Befragung Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Qualität der Stichproben und der methodischen Umsetzung des dyadischen Erhebungsdesigns umgesetzt. Zudem kamen längsschnittliche Gewichtungsverfahren zum Einsatz, die unter anderem für selektive Teilnahmewahrscheinlichkeiten der Panelisten in der dritten Welle adjustieren. Neben dem Vorgehen bei der Durchführung der zweiten Adress- und Panelpflege und der Feldphase der dritten Welle werden im vorliegenden Daten- und Methodenbericht unter anderem die Prüfung der Filterführung, die Kontrolle von Plausibilität und logischer Konsistenz, die Berechnung von Konstrukten sowie die Anonymisierung der Daten für den Scientific Use File (SUF) beschrieben

Worldwide comparison of survival from childhood leukaemia for 1995–2009, by subtype, age, and sex (CONCORD-2): a population-based study of individual data for 89 828 children from 198 registries in 53 countries

Background Global inequalities in access to health care are reflected in differences in cancer survival. The CONCORD programme was designed to assess worldwide differences and trends in population-based cancer survival. In this population-based study, we aimed to estimate survival inequalities globally for several subtypes of childhood leukaemia. Methods Cancer registries participating in CONCORD were asked to submit tumour registrations for all children aged 0-14 years who were diagnosed with leukaemia between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2009, and followed up until Dec 31, 2009. Haematological malignancies were defined by morphology codes in the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third revision. We excluded data from registries from which the data were judged to be less reliable, or included only lymphomas, and data from countries in which data for fewer than ten children were available for analysis. We also excluded records because of a missing date of birth, diagnosis, or last known vital status. We estimated 5-year net survival (ie, the probability of surviving at least 5 years after diagnosis, after controlling for deaths from other causes [background mortality]) for children by calendar period of diagnosis (1995-99, 2000-04, and 2005-09), sex, and age at diagnosis (< 1, 1-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years, inclusive) using appropriate life tables. We estimated age-standardised net survival for international comparison of survival trends for precursor-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Findings We analysed data from 89 828 children from 198 registries in 53 countries. During 1995-99, 5-year agestandardised net survival for all lymphoid leukaemias combined ranged from 10.6% (95% CI 3.1-18.2) in the Chinese registries to 86.8% (81.6-92.0) in Austria. International differences in 5-year survival for childhood leukaemia were still large as recently as 2005-09, when age-standardised survival for lymphoid leukaemias ranged from 52.4% (95% CI 42.8-61.9) in Cali, Colombia, to 91.6% (89.5-93.6) in the German registries, and for AML ranged from 33.3% (18.9-47.7) in Bulgaria to 78.2% (72.0-84.3) in German registries. Survival from precursor-cell ALL was very close to that of all lymphoid leukaemias combined, with similar variation. In most countries, survival from AML improved more than survival from ALL between 2000-04 and 2005-09. Survival for each type of leukaemia varied markedly with age: survival was highest for children aged 1-4 and 5-9 years, and lowest for infants (younger than 1 year). There was no systematic difference in survival between boys and girls. Interpretation Global inequalities in survival from childhood leukaemia have narrowed with time but remain very wide for both ALL and AML. These results provide useful information for health policy makers on the effectiveness of health-care systems and for cancer policy makers to reduce inequalities in childhood survival

Global surveillance of cancer survival 1995-2009: analysis of individual data for 25,676,887 patients from 279 population-based registries in 67 countries (CONCORD-2)

BACKGROUND: Worldwide data for cancer survival are scarce. We aimed to initiate worldwide surveillance of cancer survival by central analysis of population-based registry data, as a metric of the effectiveness of health systems, and to inform global policy on cancer control. METHODS: Individual tumour records were submitted by 279 population-based cancer registries in 67 countries for 25·7 million adults (age 15-99 years) and 75,000 children (age 0-14 years) diagnosed with cancer during 1995-2009 and followed up to Dec 31, 2009, or later. We looked at cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum, liver, lung, breast (women), cervix, ovary, and prostate in adults, and adult and childhood leukaemia. Standardised quality control procedures were applied; errors were corrected by the registry concerned. We estimated 5-year net survival, adjusted for background mortality in every country or region by age (single year), sex, and calendar year, and by race or ethnic origin in some countries. Estimates were age-standardised with the International Cancer Survival Standard weights. FINDINGS: 5-year survival from colon, rectal, and breast cancers has increased steadily in most developed countries. For patients diagnosed during 2005-09, survival for colon and rectal cancer reached 60% or more in 22 countries around the world; for breast cancer, 5-year survival rose to 85% or higher in 17 countries worldwide. Liver and lung cancer remain lethal in all nations: for both cancers, 5-year survival is below 20% everywhere in Europe, in the range 15-19% in North America, and as low as 7-9% in Mongolia and Thailand. Striking rises in 5-year survival from prostate cancer have occurred in many countries: survival rose by 10-20% between 1995-99 and 2005-09 in 22 countries in South America, Asia, and Europe, but survival still varies widely around the world, from less than 60% in Bulgaria and Thailand to 95% or more in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the USA. For cervical cancer, national estimates of 5-year survival range from less than 50% to more than 70%; regional variations are much wider, and improvements between 1995-99 and 2005-09 have generally been slight. For women diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2005-09, 5-year survival was 40% or higher only in Ecuador, the USA, and 17 countries in Asia and Europe. 5-year survival for stomach cancer in 2005-09 was high (54-58%) in Japan and South Korea, compared with less than 40% in other countries. By contrast, 5-year survival from adult leukaemia in Japan and South Korea (18-23%) is lower than in most other countries. 5-year survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is less than 60% in several countries, but as high as 90% in Canada and four European countries, which suggests major deficiencies in the management of a largely curable disease. INTERPRETATION: International comparison of survival trends reveals very wide differences that are likely to be attributable to differences in access to early diagnosis and optimum treatment. Continuous worldwide surveillance of cancer survival should become an indispensable source of information for cancer patients and researchers and a stimulus for politicians to improve health policy and health-care systems

The histology of ovarian cancer: worldwide distribution and implications for international survival comparisons (CONCORD-2)

Objective Ovarian cancers comprise several histologically distinct tumour groups with widely different prognosis. We aimed to describe the worldwide distribution of ovarian cancer histology and to understand what role this may play in international variation in survival. Methods The CONCORD programme is the largest population-based study of global trends in cancer survival. Data on 681,759 women diagnosed during 1995â\u80\u932009 with cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, peritoneum and retroperitonum in 51 countries were included. We categorised ovarian tumours into six histological groups, and explored the worldwide distribution of histology. Results During 2005â\u80\u932009, type II epithelial tumours were the most common. The proportion was much higher in Oceania (73.1%), North America (73.0%) and Europe (72.6%) than in Central and South America (65.7%) and Asia (56.1%). By contrast, type I epithelial tumours were more common in Asia (32.5%), compared with only 19.4% in North America. From 1995 to 2009, the proportion of type II epithelial tumours increased from 68.6% to 71.1%, while the proportion of type I epithelial tumours fell from 23.8% to 21.2%. The proportions of germ cell tumours, sex cord-stromal tumours, other specific non-epithelial tumours and tumours of non-specific morphology all remained stable over time. Conclusions The distribution of ovarian cancer histology varies widely worldwide. Type I epithelial, germ cell and sex cord-stromal tumours are generally associated with higher survival than type II tumours, so the proportion of these tumours may influence survival estimates for all ovarian cancers combined. The distribution of histological groups should be considered when comparing survival between countries and regions