Possibilities of soybean weed control by herbicide application

Due to the different herbicide efficiency to certain weed species, herbicide choice is predominantly conditioned by weed community composition. The second reason for herbicide choice is their depressive action in soybean crop, i.e. herbicide selectivity toward the cultivated plant. Taking into consideration both reasons for herbicide choice, demands for herbicides efficiency and selectivity must also be met.Izbor herbicida je prvenstveno uslovljen sastavom korovske zajednice, s obzirom na njihovu različitu efikasnost na pojedine korovske vrste. Drugi momenat kod izbora herbicida je njihovo depresivno delovanje na usev soje, tj. selektivnost prema gajenoj biljci. Uzimajući u obzir oba momenta kod izbora herbicida, moraju biti zadovoljeni i zahtevi da herbicidi budu efikasni i selektivni

Influence of nutritive media and low temperatures on broomrape seed germination

The germination of broomrape seeds on different nutritive media and at low temperatures was tested. Broomrape seed was collected from three localities in Northern part of Serbia. Nutritive media which were used are: water agar, water agar with gibberelic acid and water agar with biological agent Trifender. Temperature regimes were: without cooling, and in the fridge for 7, 14 and 21 days at + 4°C. The highest number of germinated seeds was observed on the agar medium with gibberelic acid in presence of sunflower roots. Cooling of broomrape seeds on 4°C during 21 day leads to stimulation of their germination and average radicle length. The effect of bio-agent Trifender should be further investigated

Influence of Cannabis sativa L. on guaiacol peroxidase activity in Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.

Agricultural research is increasingly focused on finding alternative, biological methods of pest control. It is known that many plant species have allelopathic properties and allelopathy may be one of the mechanisms of biological weed control in the future. Allelopathic substances responsible for biochemical interactions between plants are secondary metabolites of plants. Unlike many pesticides on natural bases present on the market, the number of preparations based on allelochemicals with herbicidal action is insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the influence of allelochemicals on weed plant species. Cannabis sativa L., as a type of confirmed allelopathic properties, has a significant impact on cultivated and weed plant species. Finding allelopathic substances that would have negative effect on A. artemisiifolia L. is very important due to its invasiveness. Changes in guaiacol peroxidase activity are one of the indicators of oxidative stress in plants produced by allelochemicals

Analyzing soil seed bank of invasive species in soil in nature protected area

The aim of this research was to determinate the number from invasive weed seeds in two protected areas. Soil sampling was carried out in north of Serbia Landscape of Outstanding Features Nature Park ‘’Palić’’and Nature Reserve ‘’Ludaško jezero’’. The depth at which samples were taken in each location was 0-10 cm. Weed seed bank from these two areas contained seeds of: Lolium multiflorum, Amaranthus retroflexus, Celtis occidentalis, Galinsoga parviflora, Vicia articulata, Setaria italica, Datura stramonium, Asclepias syriaca, Matricaria discoidea, Portulacae olaraceae, Veronica persica, Iva xanthifolia and Echinochloa crus-galli. Amaranthus retroflexus, Celtis occidentalis, Portulaca oleracea and Setaria italic were determinated in very large numbers at each protected location. The sampling of soil was done at two locations, with a probe of the same volume. Identifying the seeds and determining their quantity was carried out with microscopes and determiners

The effect origanum vulgare l. essential oils on weed seed germination

Oregano is a common name for products derived from more than 60 plant species which mostly belong to the families Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae. Within the genus Origanum, fortytwo species and forty-nine taxa (species, subspecies and varieties) divided into 10 groups were classified. The largest number comes from the Mediterranean and it is of local character. [4]. In recent years, interest for use of natural compounds in control of weed species keeps growing. Natural compounds with allelopathic effect generally represent the products of secondary metabolism and are known as allelochemicals. Allelochemicals are safer than synthetic herbicides primarily because they are biodegradable and have a minimal detrimental impact on the environment [7]. During 2016, the allelopathic effect of oregano essential oil was studied on germination of some plant species such as: rucola (Eruca sativa Mill.), onion (Alium cepa L.), kohlrabi (Brassica oleraceavar.gongylodes L.) and kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabauda, L.). Seeds of the mentioned weed species were treated with different concentrations of oregano essential oil in the amount of 200 µl/ml, 400 µl/ml, 600 µl/ml and 800 µl/ml. Distilled water was used as a control. The obtained results indicate that the increase in concentrations of the essential oil results with the reduction in germination of onion and kohlrabi plant seeds, and also with the increase in its inhibitory effects. For kale and rucola seeds a deviation in correlative inhibition of germination at a concentration of 600 µ/ml was established, while the average seed germination was higher than at a lower concentration of 400 µ/ml

Allelopathic effect of Abuthilon theophrasti Med. extracts on germination of maize seed

During 2014 allelopathic effects of Abutilon theophrasti Med. water extracts to germination and initial development of maize (Zea mays L.), were studied in laboratory conditions. In addition to the Water extracts out of dry mass of the tested weed species, the applied concentrations were 1 g/l, 2 g/l, 4 g/l of dry matter made out of weed species in the 3-4 leaf stage of development. Water solution of A. theophrasti showed inhibitory effect on maize seed epicotyls and hypocotyls length. The applied extracts made out of dry matter of the studied weed species A. theophrasti reduced maize seed germination for 9%-14% in comparison to the control in which it was 88%. After germination in a climate chamber, epicotyls’ and hypocotyls’ length of maize seeds was measured three, six and ten days following spraying by extracts

Determination of atropine and scopolamine in popcorn by the LC-MS/MS

Tropane alkaloids are secondary metabolites produced mainly by the genera of the Solanaceae family - Hyoscyamus, Datura and Atropa. For determination and quantification of the atropine and scopolamine in 12 samples of popcorn the validated rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used. Out of the studied popcorn samples 41.67% were contaminated with atropine and scopolamine, while in 58.33% of the tested samples tropane alkaloids were not detected, or the present concentrations were below the limit of detection (˂1 µg/kg). Atropine was present in the range from 5.3 to 28 µg/kg, while scopolamine ranged from 2.1 to 6.3 µg/kg

Controversial taxonomy of hemp

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) was one of the earliest domesticated plant species. Biological classification (taxonomy or systematization) manifests evolutional relationships between taxons according to trait similarities. When it comes to taxonomy, hemp is one of the most controversial plant species due to significant effects of environmental conditions on hemp phenology and expression of quantitative traits as well as different levels of gender expression observed in hemp plants. Controversial taxonomy of hemp has gone through several phases throughout history. The attitude on the number of species within the genus Cannabis and the criteria used in taxonomic units division were under dispute. Initially focused on morphological characteristics and geographical origin, the approach was greatly amended by the development of molecular and biochemical techniques. The main cause of taxonomic uncertainties is the inbreeding ability of all wild Cannabis populations, resulting in continual variability of quantitative traits. The aim of the paper is to review the history of Cannabis classification including different approaches to this scientific issue

Quantification of biofilm formation on silicone intranasal splints: An in vitro study

Objectives: Biofilms are associated with persistent infections and resistant to conventional therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the quantity of biofilm produced on silicone intranasal splints. Methods: Quantity of biofilm formation on silicone splints (SS) was tested on 15 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed in accordance with European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing recommendations. Results: All tested strains formed different amounts of biofilm on SS: 66.7% S. aureus and 93.3% M. catarrhalis were weak biofilm producers and 33.3% S. aureus and 6.7% M. catarrhalis were moderate biofilm producers. S. aureus formed significantly higher quantity of biofilm compared with M. catarrhalis (p  Conclusion: Quantity of biofilm on SS is highly dependent on bacterial species and their resistance patterns. Future studies are needed to ascertain another therapeutic option for prophylaxis prior to SS placement

Allelopathic properties of hemp

Allelopathic effects of different plant allelochemicals have become the focus of studies that aim to determine new pesticidal compounds. Plant extracts with different chemical compositions can be obtained using different methods of extraction, whereas studies dealing with allelopathic properties use biotests to obtain fast and precise results. Such studies were undertaken after noticing the allelopathic effects of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) on the surrounding crops. Trials that involve the application of hemp extracts obtained by different methods resulted in determining the hemp allelopathic effects on Stellaria media (L.)Scop., Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. vulgaris, Lupinus albus L., corn (Zea mays L.), Cyperus rotundus L., Matricaria recutita L., Lepidium sativum L., lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereal M. Bieb.), Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Chenopodium album L., and Sorghum halepense L