The ECG in a new capacity: the most informative source of data on aerobic and anaerobic processes in the cardiac muscle fiber tissue cells

The article is devoted to a novel noninvasive measurement of parameters of metabolic processes in the cardiac muscle fiber cells upon an original ECG processing. Theoretically substantiated is an original method of the ECG cardiac cycle phase analysis, which allows measuring the concentration of oxygen, lactate and phosphocreatine in arbitrary units in the cardiac muscle fiber cells in each cardiac cycle. The results of practical applications of the above cardiometric method for assessing the conditioning in a high-performance swimming athlete are discussed herein. Recommendations for a widespread use of the method in practice are discussed herein, too

Heart and aortic baroreceptors: operation in providing hemodynamic processes in cardiovascular system

Aims Up to the present, ECGs have been classified on the basis of the analysis of the ECG curve shape. But this made impossible to classify many ECG shapes. The most promising methods for the classification must evaluate each of the 10 cardiac cycle phases both by their functions and hemodynamic parameters. The aim hereof is to develop the new classification principles for all possible ECG shape variations. Materials and methods The heart cycle phase analysis method is used to calculate the hemodynamic parameters in each of 10 phases, like the phase-related blood volumes and the level of contraction of the corresponding cardiovascular musculature determining its function dynamics in the cardiac cycle phase structure related to the compensation mechanism for maintaining normal hemodynamics. Results An ECG phase changes periodic table consisting of 10 groups of the actual ECG curves typical for the corresponding pathologies is proposed. Each group contains 4 levels of characteristic phase changes. Conclusion The ECG phase changes periodic table is the first attempt to classify the great variety of the ECG shapes. In this case the proposed system requires further investigations. It has been demonstrated that the theoretical concept of the table is in compliance with practice. Further it is planned to improve characteristics of every group and every level

ECG as a quest for extracting new data: non-invasive measurement of acid-alkaline parameters

Aims A cardiac muscle performance assessment in terms of acid-alkaline balance has never been carried out before. The studies show it is possible to evaluate indirectly aerobic, anaerobic and phosphocreatine processes in the cardiac muscle using ECG only. The aim is to study the capabilities of acid-alkaline balance measurement in the cardiac muscle using ECG only, in combination with the heart cycle phase analysis. Materials and methods The ECG of the ascending aorta is recorded with Cardiocode device. Amplitudes of the derivatives of leading and trailing edge of R, L and j waves are measured. The QRS complex amplitude depends on the amplitudes of the septum and myocardium muscles contractions. The septum is contracted because of the lesser resistance since the myocardium muscles are not loaded yet. When the myocardium muscles are contracted, they take a heavier load since the septum remains under static strain. It allows evaluating the difference in the energy consumption for each group of the muscles according to the respective ECG derivative. It will suffice to compare the amplitudes of the first derivative characterizing the muscle contractility rate during Q–R and R–S periods. Results Over 500 patients were examined. As a result, ranges of every biochemical reaction changes have been established. The ranges of energy consumption assessment for the biochemical processes featuring the biochemical reactions in cardiac muscles are defined. Conclusion The ECG heart cycle phase analysis allows obtaining the acid-alkaline balance data of biochemical reactions governing the cardiac muscle contraction that is an important diagnostic marker

Diagnostic value of measured hemodynamic parameters: cardiac output, minute volume and a complete set of phase-related volumes of blood

The paper reviews the existing methods for hemodynamic parameters measurement, namely the Fick method, the thermodilution technique and the Cardiocode technology. Comparative analysis of the above methods is presented. Strong and weak points in each method and their informative values are identified. Distinctive features of the Cardiocode method, as the only noninvasive one, are described

Metabolic processes evaluation in cardiac muscles on the basis of cardiometry

The article briefly discusses the cardiometric approach to the evaluation of metabolic processes in cardiac muscle. Reactions occurring during the various phases of the cardiac cycle, primarily in the QRS complex, are shown. The dynamics of energy processes occurring before and after physical load, as well as the reactions occurring during it, are presented. The ECG derivative is used

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Mutations in gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway in two nIHH patients with successful pregnancy outcomes

Primers for bidirectional Sanger sequencing in nIHH patients. (DOCX 15 kb