29 research outputs found
Improved risk-based strategies for disease management in the pig production chain
To minimize financial losses in times of crisis, it is necessary to prove methods of maintaining trade in a case of disease. This work shows that the identification of modules and clusters could be of high relevance if these clusters impede disease spread or if so-called Ad hoc-connector-points serving as routes of transmission between clusters could be identified. Furthermore the advantages of a risk-based selection of critical control points for surveillance or monitoring can be shown. This work provides new approaches to review and possibly optimize existing disease prevention and control strategies
Anatomic mapping of the collateral branches of the external carotid artery with regard to daily clinical practice
Background: To identify the anatomical variations of the main branches of the external carotid artery (lingual, facial, occipital, ascending pharyngeal and sternocleidomastoid), giving information about the calibers and origins with the aim of creating a new classification useful in clinical practice. Material and methods: 193 human embalmed body-donors were dissected. The data collected were analyzed using the Chi² test. The results of previous studies were reviewed. Results: The majority of the anterior arterial branches (superior thyroid, facial and lingual artery) were observed with an independent origin, respectively, classified as pattern I (80.83%, 156/193). In 17.62% (34/193) a linguofacial trunk, pattern II, has been observed, only in 1,04% (2/193) a thyrolingual trunk, pattern III, has been found and in one case (1/193, 0.52%) one thyrolinguofacial trunk, pattern IV, was found. Depending on the posterior branches (occipital and ascending pharyngeal), four different types could be determined: type a, the posterior arteries originated independently, type b, the posterior arteries originated in a common trunk, type c, the ascending pharyngeal artery was absent, type d, the occipital artery was absent. Conclusion: Anatomical variations in these arteries are relevant in daily clinical practice due to growing applications, e.g., in Interventional Radiology techniques. Knowledge of these anatomical references could help clinicians in the interpretation of the carotid system
Probing empirical contact networks by simulation of spreading dynamics
Disease, opinions, ideas, gossip, etc. all spread on social networks. How
these networks are connected (the network structure) influences the dynamics of
the spreading processes. By investigating these relationships one gains
understanding both of the spreading itself and the structure and function of
the contact network. In this chapter, we will summarize the recent literature
using simulation of spreading processes on top of empirical contact data. We
will mostly focus on disease simulations on temporal proximity networks --
networks recording who is close to whom, at what time -- but also cover other
types of networks and spreading processes. We analyze 29 empirical networks to
illustrate the methods
Adaption of the temporal correlation coefficient calculation for temporal networks (applied to a real-world pig trade network)
Modern temporal network theory: A colloquium
The power of any kind of network approach lies in the ability to simplify a
complex system so that one can better understand its function as a whole.
Sometimes it is beneficial, however, to include more information than in a
simple graph of only nodes and links. Adding information about times of
interactions can make predictions and mechanistic understanding more accurate.
The drawback, however, is that there are not so many methods available, partly
because temporal networks is a relatively young field, partly because it more
difficult to develop such methods compared to for static networks. In this
colloquium, we review the methods to analyze and model temporal networks and
processes taking place on them, focusing mainly on the last three years. This
includes the spreading of infectious disease, opinions, rumors, in social
networks; information packets in computer networks; various types of signaling
in biology, and more. We also discuss future directions.Comment: Final accepted versio
Forensic Implications of Anatomical Education and Surgical Training With Cadavers
Anatomical education and surgical training with cadavers are usually considered an appropriate method of teaching, above all for all surgeons at various levels. Indeed, in such a way they put into practice and exercise a procedure before performing it live, reducing the learning curve in a safe environment and the risks for the patients. Really, up to now it is not clear if the nonuse of the cadavers for anatomical education and surgical training can have also forensic implications. A substantial literature research was used for this review, based on PubMed and Web of Science database. From this review, it is clear that the cadaveric training could be considered mandatory, both for surgeons and for medical students, leading to a series of questions with forensic implications. Indeed, there are many evidences that a cadaver lab can improve the learning curve of a surgeon, above all in the first part of the curve, in which frequent and severe complications are possible. Consequently, a medical responsibility for residents and surgeons which perform a procedure without adequate training could be advised, but also for hospital, that has to guarantee a sufficient training for its surgeons and other specialists through cadaver labs. Surely, this type of training could help to improve the practical skills of surgeons working in small hospitals, where some procedures are rare. Cadaver studies can permit a better evaluation of safety and efficacy of new surgical devices by surgeons, avoiding using patients as ≪guinea pigs≫. Indeed, a legal responsibility for a surgeon and other specialists could exist in the use of a new device without an apparent regulatory oversight. For a good medical practice, the surgeons should communicate to the patient the unsure procedural risks, making sure the patients' full understanding about the novelty of the procedure and that they have used this technique on few, if any, patients before. Cadaver training could represent a shortcut in the standard training process, increasing both the surgeon learning curve and patient confidence. Forensic clinical anatomy can supervise and support all these aspects of the formation and of the use of cadaver training
Erste klinische Erfahrungen mit einer neuen Methode für das pelvine intraoperative Neuromonitoring bei Roboter-assistierter tiefer anteriorer Rektumresektion mit totaler mesorektaler Exzision
Improved risk-based strategies for disease management in the pig production chain
To minimize financial losses in times of crisis, it is necessary to prove methods of maintaining trade in a case of disease. This work shows that the identification of modules and clusters could be of high relevance if these clusters impede disease spread or if so-called Ad hoc-connector-points serving as routes of transmission between clusters could be identified. Furthermore the advantages of a risk-based selection of critical control points for surveillance or monitoring can be shown. This work provides new approaches to review and possibly optimize existing disease prevention and control strategies.</p
Introduction: Thematic Papers Issue on “Advances in Our Understanding of the Morphological Response to Injury in the Peripheral Nervous System”
The carotid axis revisited
The aim was to determine the variations in the level of origin of carotid bifurcation and diameters of the common, internal, and external carotid arteries which is clinically important for several interventional procedures. Therefore, 165 human embalmed corpses were dissected. The data collected were analyzed using the Chi square-test and the Pearson correlation test. The results of previous studies have been reviewed. In relation to the level of the carotid bifurcation, taking as a reference point the hyoid bone, the values ranged from 4 cm below the hyoid body to 2.5 cm above the body of the hyoid, being the average height-0.33 cm, with a standard deviation of 1.19 cm. The right carotid bifurcation was established at a higher level (x = - 0.19 cm.) than the left one (x = - 0.48 cm.) (p = 0.046). On the contrary, no significant gender differences could be observed. The arterial calibres of the common and internal carotid arteries were higher in male than female. In the internal carotid artery (X = 0.76 cm.), the left was greater than the right (X = 0.72 cm.) (P = 0.047). However, no differences in the distribution of the calibre of the external carotid artery were found neither by side nor gender. Variations in the level of bifurcation and calibres of carotid arteries are relevant for interventional radiology procedures and head and neck surgeries. Knowledge of these anatomical references might help clinicians in the interpretation of the carotid system