Activation of pDCs in intestine by JCM5805 administration.

<p>Healthy C57BL / 6J mice were divided into control and JCM5805 groups (n = 4 in each group), and mice in the JCM5805 group were orally administered JCM5808 daily for 2 weeks. A. Low density cells prepared from PP of each group were analyzed by FACS. Expression level of cell surface activation marker was evaluated for MHC class II as median fluorescence intensities (M.F.I.) in left panel. Ratio of pDCs to total population was shown in right panel. pDCs was defined as “CD3⁻ Siglec-H⁺ CD11c⁺ in total population”. Short line represents the mean values. *<i>P</i><0.05 (Student’s t test). B, Total mRNA was extracted from PP pDCs from mice in the control (open columns) and JCM5805 groups (dot columns) (n = 8 in each group). <i>Ifnα</i> and <i>Ifnβ</i> gene expressions were measured by qRT-PCR and normalized to <i>Gapdh</i> gene expression. Data are shown as mean ± SD. *<i>P</i><0.05 (Student’s t test). These data are representative of three independent experiments. Each data are mean ± SD.</p

Effects of JCM5805 on mPIV1 infection.

<p>A. Experimental procedure of mPIV1 infection. Mice in the control and JCM5805 groups were fed diet with or without 1 mg / mouse / day of JCM5808 during the study period (day -14 to 15). Mice were intranasally infected with mPIV1 on day 0. On 3 days post-mPIV1 infection, six mice were sacrificed from each group for lung histopathology. Thereafter survival rate, body weight and clinical scores were investigated with remained control mice n = 12, and JCM5805 mice n = 13. B. Survival rate of mice infected with mPIV1. The control (circle) and JCM5805 (square) groups consisted of 12 and 13 mice, respectively. The survival of each animal was monitored daily. <i>P</i><0.001 (Log-Rank test). C. Body weight of mice infected with mPIV1. The control (circle) and JCM5805 (square) groups consisted of 12 and 13 mice, respectively. The body weight of each surviving animal was measured daily. The body weight values are shown as mean ± SD. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01 (Student’s t test). The data shown is representative of two independent experiments.</p

Lung histopathology of mPIV1-infected mice.

<p>A. Representative hematoxylin and eosin (H & E)-stained sections of lung tissues from control and JCM5805 group mice (6 mice per group). Lung tissues were prepared from mice 3 days after infection. Scale bars, 300 μm. B. Histological scoring of lung tissues from mPIV1-infected mice belong to control (open columns) and JCM5805 (dot columns) group. Sections were scored at four levels as follows: 0, no symptoms; 1, low pathogenicity; 2, medium pathogenicity; 3, high pathogenicity. The mean ± SD of the tissues in each group is shown. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01 (Mann-Whitney U test). The data shown is representative of two independent experiments.</p