Portable Data Recorder for Long-term Measurement

An inexpensive portable data recorder is made compact for carrying convenience. Total weight of the apparatus is about 490 g, however, it be able to apply to 16 hours\u27 long-term measurements such as the heart rates measurements during habitual activities and so on. This new apparatus is made by the reconstruction of the RQ-2720 Portable Cassette Recorder (National). Some discarded parts of the RQ-2720 such as speaker etc. is detached and some new electric ciruits attached the new apparatus. Earphone and monitoring lump which go on and off is used for the easy monitoring of records. Tape speed in the case of play is four times faster than that of record. From the results of the plactical use for the long-term measurements of heart rates during habitual activities, it is said that the Portable Data Recorder is accurate enough for plactical usage

簡単な長時間記録用データレコーダの試作

An inexpensive portable data recorder is made compact for carrying convenience. Total weight of the apparatus is about 490 g, however, it be able to apply to 16 hours' long-term measurements such as the heart rates measurements during habitual activities and so on. This new apparatus is made by the reconstruction of the RQ-2720 Portable Cassette Recorder (National). Some discarded parts of the RQ-2720 such as speaker etc. is detached and some new electric ciruits attached the new apparatus. Earphone and monitoring lump which go on and off is used for the easy monitoring of records. Tape speed in the case of play is four times faster than that of record. From the results of the plactical use for the long-term measurements of heart rates during habitual activities, it is said that the Portable Data Recorder is accurate enough for plactical usage

Influence of Revision of Food Composition Tables on Results of Nutritional Survey

Recently, food composition tables was revised in Japan. Therefore, comparison of results of nurtitional survey in the past and those of recent became difficult. So, the authors made base the nutritional calculations using the same data on the old food composition tables and the new food composition tables. Little differences were found between the both results of calculation in cases of energy, protein, lipid, non-fibrous carbohydrate and calcium. However, serious differences were found in cases of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, niacin and iron

Food Intake, Habitual Activity, Fatty mass and Diastolic Blood Pressure

Measurement of habitual activity (Maximal Aerobic Power, MAP), fatty mass (%Fat), food intake and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were carried out on 252 females aged 20-72 years living in suburban, rural and mountainous districts as a basic research for the prevention of essential hypertension. Measurement of MAP was made indirectly following the method of Margaria et al. Each subject screend medically was given two different intensities of step up and down exercises, and MAP was calculated from heart rates immediately after exercises and the individual\u27s estimated maximal heart rate. % Fat was estimated from skinfold thickness according to the method of Nagamine. Observation of food intake was conducted by a routine questioning, however, checks and counter checks were made by personal interviews until reliable figures had satisfactrily been obtained. Measurement of DBP was made on the right arm with subject in a seated position by automatic sphygmomanometer (BP-103, Nihon-korin Co.) and Riva-Rocci sphygmomanometer. Significant possitive correlation was found between DBP and % Fat (P＜0.01) . However, 65 percent of subjects whose DBP above 90 mmHg showed % Fat lower than 30 percent. Significant negative correlation was found between DBP and MAP (P＜0.01). However, mean DBP of active subjects in mountainous village was significantly higher than that of inactive subjects in suburban districts of city (P＜0.01) . Significant negative correlation was found between DBP and daily intake of animal fat (P＜0.01). However, significant positive correlations were found between daily intake of animal fat and that of energy, fat, protein, animal protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin C (P＜0.01, respectively) . Mean daily intake of animal fat of subjects in mountainous village was significantly lower than that of subjects in suburban districts of city (P＜0.01) . Significant negative correlation was also found between DBP and daily intake of animal protein (P＜0.01) . And mean daily intake of animal protein of subjects in mountainous village was significantly lower than that of subjects in suburban districts of city (P＜0.01). However, significant positive correlations were found between daily intake of animal protein and that of energy, fat, animal fat, protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin C (P＜0.01, respectively). Significant negative correlation was found between DBP and daily intake of sodium (P＜0.01). And the difference of sodium intake between subjects in mountainous village and subjects in suburban districts of city was not significant. However, significant positive correlations were found between daily intake of sodium and that of vitamin A (P＜0.05) and between daily intake of sodium and that of energy, fat, protein, animal protein, calcium, iron, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin C (P＜0.01, respectively). No significant correlations were found between % Fat and animal fat intake and animal protein intake, and between MAP and animal fat intake and animal protein intake. It may be said at least in the case of subjects in this investigation that obesity or physical inactivity, low animal fat intake, low animal protein intake or malnutrition are factors of high DBP. Moreover, these results imply that different factors have to be considered according as the difference of living style for the prevention of essential hypertension

成分表の改訂が,栄養調査の結果に及ぼす影響について

Recently, food composition tables was revised in Japan. Therefore, comparison of results of nurtitional survey in the past and those of recent became difficult. So, the authors made base the nutritional calculations using the same data on the old food composition tables and the new food composition tables. Little differences were found between the both results of calculation in cases of energy, protein, lipid, non-fibrous carbohydrate and calcium. However, serious differences were found in cases of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, niacin and iron

食餌，運動，身体組成と拡張期血圧

Measurement of habitual activity (Maximal Aerobic Power, MAP), fatty mass (%Fat), food intake and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were carried out on 252 females aged 20-72 years living in suburban, rural and mountainous districts as a basic research for the prevention of essential hypertension. Measurement of MAP was made indirectly following the method of Margaria et al. Each subject screend medically was given two different intensities of step up and down exercises, and MAP was calculated from heart rates immediately after exercises and the individual's estimated maximal heart rate. % Fat was estimated from skinfold thickness according to the method of Nagamine. Observation of food intake was conducted by a routine questioning, however, checks and counter checks were made by personal interviews until reliable figures had satisfactrily been obtained. Measurement of DBP was made on the right arm with subject in a seated position by automatic sphygmomanometer (BP-103, Nihon-korin Co.) and Riva-Rocci sphygmomanometer. Significant possitive correlation was found between DBP and % Fat (P＜0.01) . However, 65 percent of subjects whose DBP above 90 mmHg showed % Fat lower than 30 percent. Significant negative correlation was found between DBP and MAP (P＜0.01). However, mean DBP of active subjects in mountainous village was significantly higher than that of inactive subjects in suburban districts of city (P＜0.01) . Significant negative correlation was found between DBP and daily intake of animal fat (P＜0.01). However, significant positive correlations were found between daily intake of animal fat and that of energy, fat, protein, animal protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin C (P＜0.01, respectively) . Mean daily intake of animal fat of subjects in mountainous village was significantly lower than that of subjects in suburban districts of city (P＜0.01) . Significant negative correlation was also found between DBP and daily intake of animal protein (P＜0.01) . And mean daily intake of animal protein of subjects in mountainous village was significantly lower than that of subjects in suburban districts of city (P＜0.01). However, significant positive correlations were found between daily intake of animal protein and that of energy, fat, animal fat, protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin C (P＜0.01, respectively). Significant negative correlation was found between DBP and daily intake of sodium (P＜0.01). And the difference of sodium intake between subjects in mountainous village and subjects in suburban districts of city was not significant. However, significant positive correlations were found between daily intake of sodium and that of vitamin A (P＜0.05) and between daily intake of sodium and that of energy, fat, protein, animal protein, calcium, iron, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin C (P＜0.01, respectively). No significant correlations were found between % Fat and animal fat intake and animal protein intake, and between MAP and animal fat intake and animal protein intake. It may be said at least in the case of subjects in this investigation that obesity or physical inactivity, low animal fat intake, low animal protein intake or malnutrition are factors of high DBP. Moreover, these results imply that different factors have to be considered according as the difference of living style for the prevention of essential hypertension

ネパール人(中部山岳民)の身長、体重および身体組成

Measurements of height, weight and body composition were carried out on 116 males aged 20-84 years living in Kali Gandaki Zone as a basic research of the Health Scientific Expedtion in Nepal. % Fat and LBM were estimated from skinfold thickness according to the method of Nagamine. Mean values of height, weight and LBM of this subjects were similar to the previously reported values of some Nepalese groups. No age differences of height were not found among Nepalese groups. However, mean height of Japanese groups increase in inverse proportional to the increase of age at a rate of 10 mm per decade. And young Japanese groups showed mean height significantly heigher than all Nepalese groups and old Japanese groups. These results support the hypothesis that Nepalese is not low height population genetically and the height is deeply influenced by the socio-economical conditions such as diet, etc.. Except the oldest age group, mean weight of Nepalese groups were lower than that of Japanese groups. Mean LBM of young Nepalese groups were significantly lower than that of young Japanese groups, however, differences between Nepalese and Japanese were not significant in the case of old age groups. In all age groups, Nepalese showed % Fat significantly lowerthan Japanese. No significant differences were found relative LBM between Nepalese and Japanese groups. Therefore, the differences of weight and LBM between Nepalese and Japanese depended on the differences of their height and fatty mass. It is said that low fatty mass of Nepalese may due to their active life style.ヒトの健康の維持増進に必要な条件を明らかにする目的で,「ネパール王国における健康科学的調査」を実施してきた。そして,その一環として調査したネパール人の形態測定の結果を,従来の報告値および日本人の値と比較しながら検討を加えた。対象者は,ネパールの中部山岳地帯に居住する20〜84才の成人男子116名であった。このほとんどが自給自足的な農民であった。結果は,次のとおりである。1)身長(年令群別平均)は,20才代から60才以上群まで大差なく,世代差が認められなかった。これらの値は,比較的若いネパール人についての従来の報告値と大差ないものであった。日本人と比較すると,若い世代では有意に低かったが,高年令者群ではほとんど差がなかった。2)体重および除脂肪体重(LBM)も,従来の報告値と大差なかった。しかし,日本人と比較すると,体重はほとんどの年令群に,LBMは若い世代の群のみに有意な差が認められ,いずれもネパール人群の方が低値であった。3)体脂肪率(%Fat)は,どの年令群においても日本人より有意に小さかった。また,従来のネパール人についての報告値よりも小さかった。4)以上の結果から,ネパール人の身長に世代差が認められないこと,および若い世代で日本人より低身長であることは,遺伝的要因に基づくものではなく,動物性蛋白質の摂取を中心とした社会経済的要因によるものであろうと思われた。5)さらに,ネパール人と日本人の体重およびLBMの差は,身長および体脂肪量の差によると考えられた。また,ネパール人の体脂肪量が少ないのは,摂取エネルギーの不足のためではなく,運動不足の傾向がみられないためであろうと考えられた

Physical Activity, Nutritional condition, Body Composition and Serum Lipids

A comparative study of physical activity (maximal aerobic power), nutritional condition, body composition and serum lipids was carried out on 92 adult males, 20-49 years of age, as a basic study for determing the optimal living conditions in modern society or in future ages. Subjects have a wide range of occupational physical activity, however, most of them do not participate the very heavy physical works such as competitive sports etc. Measurement of maximal aerobic power (MAP) was made indirectly by the method of Margaria et al.. Subjects except 10 persons who were prohibited the exercise were given two different intensity step up and down exercises, and MAP was calculated from heart rates immediately after exercises and individual\u27s estimated maximal heart rate. %Fat was estimated from skinfold thickness according to the method of Nagamine. Nutritional observation was conducted by a routine questioning. Checks and counterchecks were done until reliable figures had been obtained. After fasting overnight, blood samples were collected for analyzing serum lipids such as total choresterol, HDL choresterol and triglycerides. A certain relation was not found between total choresterol and MAP or %Fat. However, HDL choresterol and triglycerides were affected profoundly by the physical activity and the body composition. Fit group (mean MAP above 40 ml/kg/min) showed higher HDL choresterol and lower %Fat than unfit group (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Obese group, in a relative sense, showed lower HDL choresterol and higher triglycerides than non-obese group (P＜0.001, P＜0.01). However, relations between %Fat or hyperlipoidemia and caloric intake per total body weight or per lean body mass were not clear. H group (HDL below 40 mg/dl) and HT group (HDL below 40 mg/dl & TG above 150 mg/dl) were more inactive and more fatty than control group (P＜0.01). However, caloric intake of control group was higher than that of H group and HT group (P＜0.05. P＜0.05). Moreover, control group had higher intake of protein, lipid and non-fiborous carbohydrate than those of H group and HT group. It seems that active life is the most important factor to prevent the obese or hyperlipoidemia and that moderate exercises of long duration are desirable In modern society

Food Intake, Fatty Mass and Systolic Blood Pressure

Measurement of systolic blood pressure (SBP), fatty mass (%Fat) and food intake were carried out on 252 females aged 20-72 years living in mountainous, rural and suburban districts. Measurement of SBP was made on the right arm with subjects in a seated position by automatic sphygmomanometer (BP-103, Nihon-korin Co.) and Riva-rocci sphygmomanometer. %Fat was estimated from skinfold according to the method of Nagamine. Observation of food intake was conducted by a routine questioning, however, checks and counter checks were made by personal interviews until reliable figures had satisfactorily been obtained. And the unit of daily intake of thiamin and riboflavin was expressed as the values per kilocalorie of caloric intake and that of caloric intake and other nutrients was expressed as the values per kilogram of body weight. No significant correlation was found between SBP and %Fat, but only 17 persent of subjects whose SBP above 140 mmHg showed higher %Fat than 30.0% in the case of mountainous village, however, the appearance rate was 56 percent in the case of suburban districts. Significant negative correlatians were found between SBP and calorie, protein, animal protein, fat, animal fat, iron and sodium at 1% level and calcium, retinol potency and thiamin at 5% level. Significant positive correlation was found between SBP and age at 1% level. Significant partial correiations were found between SBP and calorie, protein, animal protein and animal fat at 1% level and fat and retinol potency at 5% level when the elimination of the effect of age was made. And after the elimination of the effects of caloric intake, significant partial correlation was found only between SBP and animal protein (P＜0.05), and significant partial correlations were found between SBP and calorie at 1% level and protein at 5% level when the elimination of the effect of animal protein Intake was made. However, significant positive correlations were found between most of nutrients intake and intake of calorie and animal protein. These results imply that different factors have to be considered according as the difference of living style for the the prevention of essential hypertension, and in the case of this investigation, it may be said that obesity or physical inactivity, low animal protein intake or malnutrition are factors of high SBP, however, SBP was not affected by sodium intake.農村,山村および都市に居住する成人女子(20〜72才)252名を対象に,収納期血圧(SBP)と身体組成(%Fat),食餌との関係について検討討を加えた。1.SBPと%Fatとの間には有意な相関々係は認められなかったが,SBPが140mmHg以上の人のうち%Fatが30%以上の人の出現率は,都市では約59%,山村では約17%であり,その出現率の差は統計的に有意であった。2.SBPと年令,エネルギー,蛋白質,動物性蛋白質,脂質,動物性脂質,鉄,カルシウム,ナトリウム,ビタミンAおよびビタミンB1の摂取量との間にはそれぞれ有意な相関々係が認められた。しかし,年令の影響を除外した場合にSBPと有意な負の偏相関々係が認められたのは,エネルギー,蛋白質,動物性蛋白質,脂質,動物性脂質およびビタミンAだけであった。3.摂取エネルギーの影響を除外した場合には,SBPと動物性蛋白質摂取量との間のみ有意な負の偏相関々係が認められ,動物性蛋白質摂取量の影響を除外した場合には,SBPとエネルギーおよび蛋白質の摂取量との間にのみ有意な負の偏相関々係が認められた。4.摂取エネルギーと動物性蛋白質摂取量とその他のほとんどの栄養素の摂取量との間には,それぞれ有意な正の相関々係が認められた。5.以上の結果から,生活形態が異なれば,SBPに影響を及ぼす要因やその要因の持つ意味が異なるものと考えられた。そして,本研究の被験者のような集団では,肥満または運動不足,動物性蛋白質摂取量の不足またはアンバランスな栄養素の摂取はSBPに悪影響を及ぼしていると考えられたが,動物性脂質およびナトリウムの摂取量がSBPに影響を及ばしているとは考えられなかった

Nutritional Condition, Physical Activity and Body Composition of Adults in Suburban Districts

As a basic investigation of studies on optimal conditions for successful living in modern society or in future ages, measurement of nutritional condition, habitual activity (maximal aerobic power) and body composition were carried out. 241 adults, 20-78 years of age, living in suburban districts of Fukuoka City were volunteered as subjects. Nutritional observation was conducted by a routine questioning, however, checks and counterchecks were made by personal interviews until reliable figures had satisfactorily been obtained. Measurement of maximal aerobic power (MAP) was made indirectly following the method of Margaria et al. Each subject screened medically were given two different intensity step up and down exercises, and MAP was calculated from heart rates immediately after exercises and the individual\u27s estimated maximal heart rate. % Fat was estimated from skinfold according to the method of Nagamine. Intake of protein, lipid and non-fibrous carbohydrate were decreased with age, however age differences of vitamines and minerals were not clear. Each femaie group showed values of intake per kilogram of body weight of protein, lpid, non-fibrous carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin C, Ca and Fe higher than those of each male group In the coincidental age with few exceptions. Similar tendency was found in the case of water-soluble vitamines intake per calorie such as B1 and B2. Ratio of energy from lipid in every groups showed almost desirable figures. Ca intake among male groups and the oldest female group, vitamin A intake in the youngest male group, and Fe intake in adult female groups were slightly lower than those of recommended values. However, no severe nutritional problems were found. Body height, and LBM were decreased with age. In the case of females, %Fat increased with body weight up to 40 or 50 years but the age differences of %Fat and body weight. were not clear in males. However, higher appearancc rate of obesity, %Fat above 20%, was found in three younger male groups. Sex difference of MAP per kilogram of LBM per minute was not found clearly between younger three groups. All groups showed MAP per kilogram of body weight per minute lower than previously reported values of coincidental age groups in rural districts of Yatsushiro City. In the case of subjects aged over 50 years, more than 50% of subjects were not given the exercise for estimating their MAP because of abnormal ECG and high blood pressure. Whole appearance rate of these exercise-prohibited subjects and unfit subjects, (below 40 ml/kg/min in males and below 34 ml/kg/min in females), were 55, 86, 90, 100 and 100% in each age group of males and 63, 81, 96, 97 and 100% in female age groups, respectively. There remains some nutritional problems. However, the emphasis must be paid on the point that it is urgent to reconsider a present life style in so-called advanced society. A more habitually active life is important especially for younger sedentary male groups